Egyptian and Tunisian Transitions

Free Essays on Scary Facts, Critical Thinking Class

Scary Presidential Facts Do you ever get those emails that have those weird facts in them and you just wonder how can this be true? Well, I was checking my email one day and sure enough I got one of those emails. It sounded like it was true, I mean I am not a history buff so I could not be totally sure, but there was only one way to find out, research it. This crazy email that I received was stating that every president that gets elected in a year that ends in a zero dies in office or has survived an assassination attempt. Now that sounds a bit crazy. This especially got my attention because; George W. Bush was elected in 2000. I wanted to see if this was true, to see what the future had in store for Mr. Bush. Sure enough it was true. William Henry Harrison, elected in 1840, died in office from pneumonia. Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860, assassinated while in office. James A. Garfield, elected in 1880, assassinated while in office. William McKinley, elected in 1900, assassinated while in office. Warren G. Harding, elected in 1920, died in office from a heart attack. Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected in 1940, died in office from cerebral hemorrhage. John F. Kennedy, elected in 1960, assassinated while in office. The next president is the only lucky one out of the bunch, but he still had a close call. Ronald Reagan, elected in 1980, survived an assassination attempt. Now, if you just remembered that Mr. Bush was elected in 2000, you are right, so we will see if this is a curse for presidents elected in a year that ends in a zero. The next part of the email really freaked me out, and I’m positive it will do the same to you. Here we go: Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected into Congress in 1946. Both of these statements are indeed true. Both of these presidents were elected into congress 100 years apart. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was ... Free Essays on Scary Facts, Critical Thinking Class Free Essays on Scary Facts, Critical Thinking Class Scary Presidential Facts Do you ever get those emails that have those weird facts in them and you just wonder how can this be true? Well, I was checking my email one day and sure enough I got one of those emails. It sounded like it was true, I mean I am not a history buff so I could not be totally sure, but there was only one way to find out, research it. This crazy email that I received was stating that every president that gets elected in a year that ends in a zero dies in office or has survived an assassination attempt. Now that sounds a bit crazy. This especially got my attention because; George W. Bush was elected in 2000. I wanted to see if this was true, to see what the future had in store for Mr. Bush. Sure enough it was true. William Henry Harrison, elected in 1840, died in office from pneumonia. Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860, assassinated while in office. James A. Garfield, elected in 1880, assassinated while in office. William McKinley, elected in 1900, assassinated while in office. Warren G. Harding, elected in 1920, died in office from a heart attack. Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected in 1940, died in office from cerebral hemorrhage. John F. Kennedy, elected in 1960, assassinated while in office. The next president is the only lucky one out of the bunch, but he still had a close call. Ronald Reagan, elected in 1980, survived an assassination attempt. Now, if you just remembered that Mr. Bush was elected in 2000, you are right, so we will see if this is a curse for presidents elected in a year that ends in a zero. The next part of the email really freaked me out, and I’m positive it will do the same to you. Here we go: Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected into Congress in 1946. Both of these statements are indeed true. Both of these presidents were elected into congress 100 years apart. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was ...

Roots of the Texas Judiciary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roots of the Texas Judiciary - Essay Example For the elections of the district judges and the Chief Justice, the two houses of Congress conducted a joint ballot. For lower court judges, their elections were conducted through a popular vote. County courts for each county were also established. This judicial structure was retained for the 1845 to 1869 constitutions (Womack, tshaonline.org). In 1845 however, Supreme Court district judges’ roles were discarded and consequently replaced by two associate justices (Womack, tshaonline.org). Another change was in 1850 when the positions of Supreme Court Justices and district judges were made elective; potential candidates for these positions were previously appointed by the governor with the authorization of the Senate (Womack, tshaonline.org). The appellate court of last resort-the court of appeals was formed after the constitution of 1876 (Womack, tshaonline.org). The court was given authorization of appeals in criminal, county court and probate cases. In addition, the Supreme Court neither had the ability nor the will to review the court of Appeals decisions. However, the full intention of the court of appeal was to decide the civil appeal from the district courts by abandoning the supreme courts, but unfortunately, the Court of Appeal did not succeed in its mission leading to the deterioration of the Supreme Court’s work. According to Womack, the second plan to relieve the supreme court was through the establishment of an intermediate level of appeals for cases that were civil in nature, which became possible when the Constitution was amended in 1891 (tshaonline.org). With time, the number of cases in need of attention by the courts increase and this led to an increased in the number of judges to nine by 1978 (Womack, tshaonline.org).

History of the Universe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of the Universe - Essay Example c) Another hydrogen atom sits in the bound state characterized by the -0.38eV energy level. It subsequently absorbs a photon of energy 5eV. In one or two sentences describe what happens to the atom. When the -.38eV electron absorbed a 5eV photon, the electron would become unbound and the atom would ionize. d) In one or two sentences explain how the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation corresponding to photons of visible light. Electromagnetic wavelength is inversely proportional to the photon energy emitted. When the energy is such that it falls between 656nm (red) and 410nm (violet), this is the visible spectrum. a) In one or two sentences explain whether the gravitational and electromagnetic forces between the two nuclei are attractive or repulsive. The gravitational force is attractive and the electromagnetic force is repulsive. b) If the nitrogen-16 nucleus is replaced by a second oxygen-16 nucleus explain in one or two sentences how the strength of each of the two forces discussed above would change if at all. Be as quantitative as you can with your answer. The gravitational force would remain the same due to the same atomic mass. The repulsive electromagnetic force would proportionally increase with the addition of a proton in the nucleus. c) State a way in which you could reduce the strength of the electromagnet... Be as quantitative as you can with your answer. The gravitational force would remain the same due to the same atomic mass. The repulsive electromagnetic force would proportionally increase with the addition of a proton in the nucleus. c) State a way in which you could reduce the strength of the electromagnetic force between the two oxygen-16 nuclei to zero but leave the strength of the gravitational force between the two nuclei virtually unchanged. Adding the 8 orbital electrons to the model would cancel the electromagnetic forces and would leave the gravitational attraction unchanged due to the electrons negligible mass. Question B3 a) Give the names of the types of object that represent the three possibilities that a star can become at the end of its life. A star may become a dwarf (White, brown,black), a super-nova, or collapse into a black hole. b) In no more than 100 words explain why massive stars come to an end of their lives and what happens to the star as the end point is reached. Massive stars burn their fuel more rapidly. As they continue their evolution, fusion produces heavier elements and each successive stage provides fuel for the next stage. As they reach their final stage with an iron core, the iron is too compact to fuse into heavier elements. Gravity overwhelms the equilibrium of the star causing it to collapse. The rapid contraction causes the star's core to rebound into a core-collapse supernova. c) In no more that 100 words explain why the way in which massive stars die is important for the chemical evolution of the universe. Massive stars fuse lighter elements into heavier elements such as helium, carbon,

Opinion on Philosophical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Opinion on Philosophical Theories - Essay Example As the discussion stresses free will helps people to achieve desires by controlling their target environment at any given time. The people must be aware of the realties that exist in that environment in order for them to exercise free will and control. The responsibility that comes after exercise free will is used to measure the amount of control that has been achieved. It dictates the extent a person has exercised control. Responsibility and control define free will and determinism, but they are done with consciousness featured in existentialism as proposed by Jean Paul Sartre.From the study it is clear that  majority of people in the society do not interfere with private actions of certain people because of their positions in the government in fear confrontation by the rule of the law. The will of an individual should not be ignored in favor of general will, but it should not be a determinant factor for implementing particular actions. The will of a person to keep his or her priv ate affairs from the public domain does not subdue them to any rule of the law. Liberalism is meant to protect any person from tyrannical requirement based on provisions of the constitution as long as the affairs do not interfere with the interests of the public. A person is free to pursue their private affairs according to Classical Laissez Faire and limit the government or the power of the majority from any forced imposition.

Aggregate Supply Curve In Malaysia

Aggregate Supply Curve In Malaysia Since 1970, Malaysia has transformed itself from raw materials producer into rising multi-sector economy. Under present Prime Minister, Malaysia is trying to reach high-income status and to increase value-added production series by attracting investments in Islamic finance, technology manufacturing, biotechnology, and services. The government is trying to enhance local demand and lessen economys reliance on exports since exports remain an economy major initiative. As oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has gained profit from higher world force prices, even though government subsidies is forced to cut down due to the growing domestic gasoline and diesel gas cost, mixed with overwrought government finances. The government is also aiming to lessen its reliance on state oil producer PETRONAS as oil and gas segment contributes above 40% of government income. The central bank retains good foreign trade stores, and well-developed regulatory system has restricted Malaysias disclosure to threaten financial mechanism and global financial crisis. On the other hand, Malaysia could be at risk to fall in product prices or broad decelerate in worldwide economic activity because exports are Gross Domestic Product (GDP) main element. Prime Minister has lift up potential adjustments to the unusual economic and social favorites with the purpose of attract increased investment; however he has met major conflict, particularly from Malay nationalists and other vested interests. However, during global financial crisis in year 2008-2009, although Malaysian financial system was protected from the direct effects of financial contact due to disallowed of new derivatives into the country, the global financial crisis has transmit uncertainty on the Governments plans to attain vision 2020 because of collapse in exports and slowdown in foreign direct investment (FDI). Theoretical Background Aggregate demand (AD) is aggregate quantity demanded for goods and services in economy at given general price level. It is symbolized by aggregate demand curve, which illustrates the negative relationship effect between price level and total output assuming no variation in government spending, net taxes or monetary policy variable. Aggregate demand curve is downward sloping because of wealth effect, interest effect and exchange rate effect. At each point along aggregate demand curve, the total quantity demanded is exactly equal to planned aggregate expenditure, which is the combination of consumption, investment and government spending. Each point on aggregate demand curve stands for certain level of aggregate expenditure that is dependable with equilibrium in goods and money market at given price. When the aggregate demand curve is moved along, the change of price level is presumed to cause equilibrium GDP change but other determinants of equilibrium GDP remain constant. When other determinants except price level lead the equilibrium GDP change, aggregate demand curve will shift itself. The other determinants of equilibrium GDP are consumption expenses, investment spending, government expenditure, taxes, net export and money supply. Aggregate supply (AS) is total goods and services supplied that are produced in economy at particular overall price level. It is corresponded to aggregate supply curve or price/output response curve, which demonstrates positive relationship effect between total output amount supplied and overall price level. The curve also draws out the price and output choices of all markets and firms in economy under given set of circumstances. In short run aggregate supply, the idea of fixed capacity plays role in macroeconomics. At low output point in economy, there is possible to be surplus capacity in economy. An increase in aggregate demand is possible to outcome in increase in amount produced with slightly or no raise in overall price. Thus, aggregate supply curve is likely to be flat at low aggregate output level. The economy maybe works below capability if there is cyclical unemployment even if firms are not holding surplus labor and capital. The short-run aggregate supply curve is upward sloping, because the price of a few inputs are supposed to be decided under auction-like situations, caused by markup pricing and/or presumed informational irregularities. In long run aggregate supply, firms reaction to an increase in aggregate demand varies from primarily increasing output to principally increasing prices as unemployment rate falls, wages and cost of inputs will increase. When economy is producing at its maximum capacity, aggregate supply curve becomes vertical. There must be time delay between change in input price and change in output price for aggregate supply curve to slope upward. If input prices altered instantly to output prices, the aggregate supply curve would be vertical. Wage rates may increase at similar rate as overall price if price level increases in fully foreseen. The reasons of the shifts of short-run aggregate supply curve are cost of production, expectation on future price level, economic growth, public policy and weather condition. Meanwhile, the causes of shifts of long-run aggregate supply curve are change in labor, capital, natural resources and technology. Equilibrium price level is the price level at which the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves meet. Equilibrium price level matches up with equilibrium in the goods money markets and lays down price/output decisions on part of all firms in economy AD/AS agenda is applied to assess the effects of monetary fiscal policy on the economy. Potential GDP is aggregate output level that can be continued in the long run without inflation. Economists consider costs cover behind price level changes in the short run; eventually move with the overall price level in long run. If the price level increases at a fixed rate, inflation may be fully foreseen built into labor contracts. Discuss and argument Aggregate Supply is the total supply of all goods and services in an economy.Normally , the aggregate supply curve is draw like vertical line, also name as classical range.But , in reality, this Aggregate supply are divided into 3 range , which is Keynesian range , intermediate range and also classical range. Keynesian range occur in the short run and show a horizontal segment on of the aggreagate supply curve (blue line) , which represent the economy is under the recession condition.Base on table below ,the price level is fixed regardless how many the output had been produce by the country.When AD shift rightward from AD1 to AD2 ,the total output has increase but the price level remain the same.This is due to the substaintial idle production capacity such as unemployed worker competing for available jobs can put to work . The intermediate range ,as show in the pink line,is the rising of aggragate supply curve when the economy is approaching full employment output.When the AD shift rightward from AD3 to AD4, the output and also price level increase .This show that they have the positive relationship between price level and real GDP .When the price level increase , this had cause the inflation occur.There are 3 factor cause this inflation occur, the first one is bottleneck occur because the firm no fully utilise the resources .Example,if the steel industry no fully supply to the steel firm .Bottleneck cause steel firm no enough raw material to produce their product and the cost of steel become higher, so they will also increase the price of thier product , so inflation occur.Moreover, when the company are earning higher profit, their worker will tend to ask for higher wages.The wage demand to increase is hardly to reject because company fear the worker will quit or strike .Beside , the company also can pass the cost on to consumer side easily because in this stage ,the unemployement rate is lower, all people got thier job and they are expect higher price of goods as they feel that will be more quality.Lastly is that sometime the firm still using the less produtivity worker or outdate machinery.This will cause the cost of production increase and become higher product price. Lastly the classical range is occur only in Long run supply curve where the curve is vertical shape ,which show that the real GDP remain constant at full employment output at point Yn, regardless how many the price level had increase or decrease.When the AD shift rightward from AD4 to AD5, the output remain constant ,but it will cause the price increase, as a consequency economy suffer inflation. The effect of increase in Aggregate demand AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 YN Aggregate_supply_svg.png Now we consider the aggregate demand curve is stationary and the factor that influence the aggregate supply curve to shift.This factor are call non-price-level determinants. What happen aggreagte supply curve in Malaysia recently? During the year 2008, the oil price in Malaysia suddenly increase sharpy to US$147.27 ,compare to the year 2002 which the oil price is merely US$20 (Hour, 2009). This issues was cause many household and also firm suffer a lot .As we know that the changes of aggregate demand is base on changes in total demand for all final goods and services.In the statistics of consumer price index (CPI) had found that every cunsumer use 68% from their income for consuming food, non-alcholic beverages, housing , utility, gas ,transportation and also fuel.After the fuel hike in june 2008, the CPI immediate rose to a 27-year high of 7.7% instead of 3.8% in may,2008, which had increase 3.9% within 1 month.Increase in input price had cause the price level of economy increase, the household purchase power will drop because their real income had decrease.For example, before increase in oil price, one plate of nasi lemak is cost RM2.00.but after increase the input price, the seller need to bear higher cost to transport the same quantity of nasi lemak, so they will transfer the cost to consumer by increase the selling price to RM4.00.Now ,with the same plate of nasi lemak , the buyer need to paid double price , therefore their purchase power decrease. Moreover, it also will affects the households monetary wealth drop .As a consequence, the total consumption decrease ,aggregate expenditure reduce, and finally affect aggregate demand drop . Aggregate supply curve will shift based on changes in input price.As we know that most of the firms need the oil price for transport and deliver their product.When the oil price increase , the firms input cost will be increase as well, therefore , the firms will supply less outputs.then the short run aggregate supply curve will shift to left, then the price level increase ,total output decrease .When the output decrease, the manage will try to reduce the input cost such as layoff some existing labor.Therefore the unemployment rate will increase. Why suppy shock will occur in Malaysia? The first reason the affects the oil price shock occur in Malaysia is because 80% of the worlds oil reserves are own by state-owned oil firms so it tend to limited the international companies to access (Hour, 2009). Beside, the cause of shortage of oil supply is because of most of the big located field are found in the a few decade ago and one days this field will also be used up as the raw material are limited in this world.Furthermore, the size of the oil field found recently are very small and costly to operate .For example, if we found 10 small oil field in seperate location, that mean the firms need to set up 10 rigs compare to a big oil field they just need a big rig. The suppy shock can solve antomatically? In long run, the oil price shock can be solve automatically if the government or central bank does not implement any policy.When the oil price increase,the input price for the supplier will be increase, then the short run aggregate suppy will shift to the left,price level will increase from Po to P1,aggregate output will decrease from Yo yo Y1.In the long term, the drop in the total output will cause the firms want to layoff the employees to reduce their cost,so the unemployement rate in market will rise .The price expectation of employees for higher wage will drop and cause the firms have more money to increase more outputs to supply. So the short run aggregate suppy curve will shift back to right from SRAS1 to SRASo.Therefore , the price level and also total output are back to equilibrium level and the stagflation is solve. P YN Y1 P1 P0 LRAS SRASO ADo Y SRAS1 The supply shock can solve by government? Although the oil price shock can be solve in long term , but in the short term the citizen are suffer a lot especially for the low income family and also the unemployement rate increase rapidly.The umemployed citizen are depend on the money in their saving account for survive.If the price level increase more higher ,they is stuck with high cost of living without any compensation from the government.So, government must implement the expansionary fiscal policy to solve the unemployement .When inplement this policy, the Aggregate demand curve will shift rightward from ADo to AD1.Then the price level will increase from P1 to P2,total output will increase back to equilibrium level of output from Y 1 to Y2, and now Y2=Y1.The price level had increase higher than before , and the output back to equilibrium level, and the higher inflation occur. SRASO SRAS1 ADo AD1 LRAS P Y YN= Y2 Y1 P1 P0 P2 Factor to shift the aggregate demand curve Aggregate demand(AD) is the total number of demand of goods and services in economy. The AD is almost equal with aggregate expenditure(AE). The factor will affect the AD curve are based on equation of aggregate expenditure, AE=C+I+G+NX. In the AD curve, each point is representing certain level of AE that same with the equilibrium in money market at given price. When AD curve is moving along, price level change as due to the change of equilibrium GDP but other determinants are remain constant. When opposite direction, change of other determinants change the equilibrium of GDP, AD curve shift itself. Therefore, the other determinants are consumption spending, investment spending, government spending, taxes, net export and money supply. The quantity of money supplied at a given price level will affect the AD curve. When money supply is increase, the curve shift to the right from Ms0 to Ms1. The interest rate will drop from r0 to r1. The interest drop due to the increase of investment spending and the AE increase cause the real GDP increase. AE curve shift upward show that the output will decrease. At the end, the AD curve will shift right from AD0 to AD1 to remain the price at the constant. P AE=Y AE1 AE Y Y0 Y1 I r0 I0 I1 Md r1 r r Ms0 Ms1 Md M r0 r1 P Y AD0 AD1 P0 Y0 Y1 In the others hand, if there are spending shock, means the government spending is increase, this will affect the AD curve shift to the right. Shown from the graph below, when the increase in government spending at any given price level, the AE curve will shift upward and rise the real GDP. when the real GDP higher the given price level, it cause the AD curve shift to the right from AD0 to AD1. P Y AD0 AD1 P0 Y0 Y1 P AE=Y AE1 AE Y Y0 Y1 G Why oil price shock will affect aggregate demand curve? Aggregate demand is based on changes in total demand for all final goods and services. During the oil price shock, the oil price increase in Malaysia. This increase of oil price cause the price level of economy increase. The price level affect the real income decrease and reduce the purchase power of household. Household purchase power drop mean that the consumption decrease. Consumption spending is one of the factor to shift the AD curve. When consumption decrease, it shift the AD curve to the left from AD0 to AD1. Therefore, the price will decrease from P0 to P1 and the output also decrease from Y0 to Y1 AD1 P0 AS AD0 P1 LRAS P Y Y0 Y1 How to solve the aggregate demand automatically? If the government or central bank do not implement any policy during the shock of the oil price, this has to solve the aggregate demand automatically. After the aggregate demand shift to the left from AD0 to AD1, the price and the output were reduced. When the output drop, the employment decrease and unemployment increase. This affect the expected price drop and the wage rate decrease. At the same time, the short run supply curve shift to the right from AS0 to AS1. At the end, in the long run, output will return back from Y1 to the natural output Y0, but the price will keep on decrease from P0 to P1 and P2. This cause the deflation occur in the economy. Y0=Yn AD1 AS1 P0 AS0 AD P1 LRAS P Y Y1 P2 How the government or central bank solve the supple shock? When the supply shock solve by automatically, it will stay back the output value but the price decrease continuously. This affect the whole market economy and become deflation. The deflation will make the economy down and this will make suffer to the whole country. Therefore, government should implement the policy to solve this problem. To shift back the aggregate demand curve, government need to implement the expansionary fiscal policy. This policy can shift the aggregate demand curve to the right from AD1 back to AD0. In the long run, the price back to the natural price P0 and the output also change from Y1 to the natural output of Y0. AS LRAS Y AD1 AD0 Pn=P0 P1 P Y0=Yn Y1 Conclusion The oil price shock in 2008 had brought a large impact for Malaysias economy. After rising in oil price, producers need to pay higher input price for the production purpose. Thus, firms sold their goods for higher price which causing consumers purchasing power dropped and the aggregate demand decrease. The increasing input prices also causing firms to produce less output which might cause the unemployment rate increase. In short run, government can implement the expansionary fiscal policy to solve the unemployment problem. However, the price will increase even higher than before which might cause hyperinflation. If the government or central bank does not implement any policy during the oil price shock, the problem will be solved automatically in the long run but it might cause consumer to suffer a lot in the short run. We recommend Malaysia government to develop reasonable oil price setting instrument, obtain cheap oil from foreign country, searching alternative resources, give subsidies to firms and increase wage rate of workers in order to minimize the consequences of increasing oil price. Throughout this assignment, we have a better understanding about the aggregate demand and aggregate supply and able to apply it in real economy situation. We had also learned how to work in a team efficiently and effectively in terms of collaboration and time management in order to accomplish the task given. Recommendation Increasing in oil prices is a serious issue that may affect aggregate supply and aggregate demand which bring large impact to Malaysias economy. Appropriate ways need to be taken in order to minimize the consequences of increasing oil price in Malaysia. Our suggestions are as follow: Reasonable Oil Price Setting Instrument First, government needs to develop reasonable oil price setting instrument which may ensure the oil prices are setting within a range which is reasonable and affordable for citizens, and allow realistic profit for oil industries. There are three aspects that should be taken into consideration while determine the oil price range, which are the consumers purchasing power, an estimation of profit for oil industries in reasonable level, and the international oil prices. With the help of this mechanism, Malaysias oil prices will be more realistic and reasonable which may prevent uncontrollable increasing of oil prices in Malaysia. When the oil prices are set in a reasonable level, there will be no large impact on the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curve. Obtain Cheap Oil from Foreign Country In order to minimize the impact of high oil price, government is suggested to search for the new sources of low-cost oil from other country. Malaysias government can import cheap and low quality oil from foreign country and refine it to become better quality oil which is qualified to issue to the market with lower cost. The reservation of the cheap oil in a certain amount is also necessary in order to avoid Malaysia from being the victim of increasing prices in the cheap oil. With the available of cheaper oil (input), firms will increase the aggregate supply of the outputs which might prevent shortage of goods in the market. When there is an increasing output in the market, the price of the goods will be reduced and the aggregate demand will increase to a certain level. Searching Alternative Resources High oil price problem only can be solved by associate effort of both government and individual. In order to minimize the impact of high oil price, the organization should attempt to do some investigation or discover the substitute of the oil like bio gas and electronic bike and should try to innovation so that the product of the organization can be produce on other alternatives. In this situation, the company can reduce the quantity of the oil which used to produce the output. Then, the supplier or provider would not reduce the quantity of supply which affects the aggregate supply shift to the left. On the other side, aggregate demand also relatively would not be affected which the curve shift to the left because the consumer can continue to consume the product in the normal price. Give Subsidies Once the oil prices increase, it will directly or indirectly affect the whole production cost, including the fee of the transportation or other else. In order to solve it, the government should provide subsidies to the supplier or provider in order to control the market price. After the suppliers receive the subsidies from government, they will not increase the retail price of their products since they want to maintain their organizations profit. By implementing this strategy, the inflation problem can be avoided because the supplier would not increase the price of product due to the higher input price. Hence, the aggregate demand and aggregate supply would not be affected. Increase Wage Rate In the market, increasing oil prices may lead to inflation problem in Malaysia. This problem will caused our citizens suffer from financial burden and their purchasing power will decrease. In this case, government can raise the amount of minimum wage in order to make sure the organization provides the cost of living to the employee. This can help the employee are able to maintain their basic needs in their daily life although the high oil price situation happened in Malaysia. Individual who using the vehicle during the daily life, the oil price increase will directly increase their daily expense. Purchasing power of the individual will be decreased and finally it will affect the aggregate demand shift to the left because consumer consume less than before. After increasing wages rate, this problem can be solved and the curve of the aggregate demand will back to original.

Story-telling in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and Mother Journeys :: comparison compare contrast essays

Story-telling in The Joy Luck Club and Mother Journeys      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Beginning with Gussie," Maxine Kumin's short story from the anthology Mother Journeys, has a central issue similar to that in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club: the need for transference of stories from mother to daughter. These two works have quite a few similarities, despite the fact that they are tales about very different cultural traditions. Is the cultural difference important? Or do these works reflect a universal truth about story-telling between mothers and daughters?    First of all, what are some of the similarities and differences between these works? Like Jing-mei Woo, Rebecca does not learn the full story of her mother's past until her mother has died. The past of both mothers involves children born before the daughter to whom the story is told; these earlier children were left behind because of the circumstances in which the mother found herself at that time. In both these instances, the stories are told by others who wish the daughter to understand the mother more fully; both stories seem to give the daughter a better understanding of herself as well as of her mother.    Story-telling may be even more central in The Joy Luck Club, with the stories told as lessons throughout the daughters' young lives. But "Beginning with Gussie" also demonstrates that the daughters know about their mothers' past experiences: Tweedie knows the story of the romance between her mother and father; Rebecca knows her parents' story though she doesn't learn the whole of her mother's story until her mother's death.    Another similarity is that Gussie's reason for telling her story to her granddaughter Tweedie is akin to the reason Ying-Ying decides she must tell her story to her daughter Lena: both are concerned about the choices being made by the daughter/granddaughter, choices that they see as too similar to their own past mistakes. Gussie ends her story to granddaughter with "And thus, Tweedie, while I cannot applaud your reliving my history, I am deeply happy to think that my genes are being handed on. Modified, broadened, no doubt improved upon." (Mother   274, in Mother Journeys) Ying-Ying thinks to herself, as she determines to tell the story of her past to Lena, "How can I leave this world without leaving her my spirit? So this is what I will do. .

“Only A Pawn In Their Game” – Dylan and The 60s

This past September 11th marked the fiftieth-anniversary of the release of Bob Dylan’s 1962 eponymous album, Bob Dylan. Fittingly, Dylan marked the occasion with the release of his thirty-fifth studio album, Tempest, an album Rolling Stone Magazine recently gave five stars, calling it â€Å"one of his weirdest albums’, and adding, â€Å"It may also be the single darkest record in Dylan’s catalog†. Tempest, rather than being an exception to the trend, is a continuation of the creative resurgence that Dylan has experienced over the past decade, proving that even though he’s now one of rock music’s elder statesmen, his advancing age has not urned him into a mere nostalgia act, but rather has served to cement his legacy as a true musical icon. Despite his prolific touring schedule and studio output, the period that is still most often associated with Bob Dylan is the early 1960s, specifically his involvement with the Civil Rights movement and hi s influence on the popular culture of American society. Louis Masur says that, â€Å"it was what Dylan sang, said, did and represented for a few years in the 1960s that continues to draw the public’s attention and ignite the imaginations of new generations of listeners†. In a three- ear period, Dylan went from being an unknown singer/guitar player to full on protest anthem composer. As a descendant of Jewish race, Dylan was also able to sympathize with visible minorities in ways that others were not able to. He wrote some of the most influential music of the time and would to turn his back on it all, only to reinvent himself. Masur summarizes it perfectly, saying â€Å"Dylan embodied two revolutions within three years, two seismic cultural shifts. Before they ended, and ever since, writers have inquired into the meaning of Bob Dylan†. Bob Dylan was born Robert Zimmerman, the son of Jewish American parents, n Hibbing, Minnesota. His father and uncles owned an electrical store and one of Dylan’s first jobs was helping his father collect on late payments or repossess equipment in situations where payment was long overdue. Growing up in Mid- western America and being Jewish in a town that, as he put it, â€Å"had a certain prejudice against Jews,† left him feeling very isolated and misunderstood. An old high school flame, Echo Star Helstrom explained, â€Å"the other kids, they wanted to throw stones at anybody different. And Bob was different. He didn’t fit in. Not in Hibbing†. In order to cope with the growing feelings of isolation, Dylan turned to music and learned to play to play the guitar that he found in the home his father had bought. He would stay up late at night, listening to a radio station transmitted from Shreveport, and it was on that station that he first heard the music of Hank Williams, Fats Domino, Elvis Presley and Little Richard. These artists left Dylan with a desire for more as he â€Å"absorbed not only these sounds but the promises of independence, individuality, and freedom that (their) music seemed to carry†. In an interview with Jeff Rosen that acts as the backbone or Martin Scorsese’s 2005 documentary, No Direction Home, Dylan, reflecting on the popular music of the time said, â€Å"nobody liked country or rock and roll, rhythm and blues. That kind of music wasn’t what was happening up there. The music that was popular was ‘How Much Is That Doggy In The Window? ’. But that wasn’t our reality, our reality was bleak to begin with, our reality was fear†. The 1950s were a tense time, and the young Dylan found that rock and roll was a good outlet to work through and express what youth were feeling. He formed a few band throughout high school, and his stated goal in his senior yearbook was â€Å"to join Little Richard†. In a voice over scene in No Direction Home, one of Dylan’s high school teacher tells a story about having to pull the curtain because the principal didn’t feel that â€Å"Robert’s piano playing was appropriate for the audience†. Though Bob’s first love was rock-and-roll, he would soon become infatuated with folk music. Folk music’s foundations were laid in the early part of the twentieth century by the International Workers of the World, or the IWW. The first members of the IWW penned songs as part of the effort to establish workers equality and rights, and would sing protest songs while marching in demonstrations. However, during the Red Scare following WWI, state and federal authorities raided the IWW offices and shut down the organization. Folk music was rescued in large part thanks to Woody Guthrie, a poor farmers son who left home at sixteen to discover his homeland. Working odd jobs, Guthrie made it through the Depression and eventually became a radio personality in Los Angeles, reading radical news of KFVD. Within two years, he was living in New York making regular contributions to Communist publications, and went on to join the Navy during the Second World War. Upon returning to the US, Guthrie settled into New York City and wrote ountless songs, including â€Å"This Land Is Your Land†, â€Å"Tom Joad† and â€Å"Pastures of Plenty†, all songs with strong socialist sentiments. â€Å"This Land Is Your Land† was actually written as a Marxist retort to â€Å"God Bless America†, and became an alternative national anthem to the New Left. When asked, about what type of songs he sang and why, Guthrie responded: â€Å"I sing the songs of the people that do all of the little jobs and the mean and dirty hard work in the world and of their wants and their hopes and their plans for a decent life†. His sentiment was expressed clearly on his instrument: â€Å"This Machine Kills Fascists†. Guthrie soon met Pete Seeger, a fellow folk musician who had formed a musician’s union, and they began to travel the nation on an informal tour. With other musicians, they formed a leftist group called the Almanac Singers. They â€Å"promoted union organizing, racial justice, and other causes with their topical songs†, and in the late 40s, they evolved into the Weavers. Things changed in the early 1950s. The Weavers were enjoying a period of great success with the song â€Å"Good Night, Irene†, moving two million copies, making it the best selling record since the end of WWII. Unfortunately, it wasn’t made to last. Guthrie and Seeger were both blacklisted by the studios and recording industry for their outspoken socialist views and communist sympathizing, and were eventually reduced from national stardom to playing small bars on the outskirts of cities. Things began to improve following the 1954 senate censure of Joe McCarthy, and there was a renewed interest in folk music. , beginning in the San Francisco Bay area. The Kingston Trio were instrumental in the resurgence of folk music. Formed in 1957 by three college students, the Kingston Trio proved that folk music, f marketed and sold properly, could be commercialized, and had the potential to be very profitable. In June of 1958, the Trio released ‘Tom Dooley’, an â€Å"unlikely pop/country hit† that sold over three million copies. The group was prolific in their recording, at one point having four albums in the Top 10, simultaneously. Between 1958 and 1966, the Trio would relea se 22 albums, 13 of which ended up in the Top 10. Though criticized for â€Å"watering down† folk songs to make them commercially popular, and standing on the sidelines through the most political and contentious period of American history to date, the group deserves credit for elping to pave the way for the general acceptance of the older folkies, as well as helping to clearing a path for newcomers like Joan Baez and Bob Dylan. In a 2007 interview, Trio member Nick Reynolds told The Huffington Post that the members of the group were â€Å"big fans of the Weavers†, and acknowledge that the Weavers experience had shown them that they were best to take another direction. Reynolds was quoted as saying, â€Å"We decided that if we wanted to have our songs played on the airwaves, we'd better stay in the middle of the road politically. We'd just got out of school. We didn't want to get blacklisted† When asked if the Weavers ad warned the Trio to avoid controversy, he simply said: â€Å"They didn't have to†. In t he fall of 1959, Dylan relocated to Minneapolis and enrolled in the University of Minnesota, though he rarely attended class. It was during this time that the Kinston Trio were beginning to have great success, and there emerged a changing perspective amongst the youth of America. The area surrounding the University had a bohemian element to it, and it inspired Dylan to sell his electric equipment and buy an acoustic guitar. This turn from rock and roll to folk music was significant, as it provided Dylan with an outlet to perform in small coffee shops and o meet like-minded people, a relatively new phenomenon for the outsider Dylan. Minneapolis was also where Zimmerman adopted the name ‘Bob Dylan’ when asked how he wanted to be presented on the bill at his first performance. It was around this time that he was introduced to the music of Woody Guthrie and was given a copy of Woody’s autobiography, Bound For Glory. Dylan described his initial take on Guthrie in his 2004 memoir, Chronicles: Volume One, saying, â€Å"The songs themselves had the infinite sweep of humanity in them †¦ [He] was the true voice of the American spirit. I said to myself I was going to be Guthrie's reatest disciple†. Dylan related to Woody’s stories about the people down on their luck and no doubt correlated his experience as a repo-man, even if just subconsciously. Guthrie’s importance was immediately clear to large number of people, and Mike Marquees has said â€Å"He was authentic because he came from and sang for the oppressed†. However, as previously stated, â€Å"Woody was an unabashed political partisan, a self-styled â€Å"full blooded Marxican† and enthusiastic class warrior†, which wasn’t a great career move in the McCarthy era. Dylan was so impressed with Guthrie that he decided to try to adopt his traits nd personality. He began wearing a corduroy hat, jeans and work shirt, imitating his Woody’s okie accent and imitating a tick he had, not conscious of the fact that he was actually imitating the symptoms of Huntington’s disease. In Guthrie’s music, Dylan found a mix of individualism and populism, humour and rage, and a general sense of the possibility of self-creation. Marquee says, â€Å"Guthrie offered an identity that was more genuinely Dylan’s own than the one his so ciety had saddled him with†. After dropping out of University, Dylan headed east to New York, having heard that Guthrie was in a hospital, on his deathbed. Shortly after arriving in New York, Dylan made the pilgrimage to see his dying idol, playing a few songs for him while there. The visits would continue for some time, but Dylan was about to explode onto the scene. Playing in small bars in Greenwich Village proved to be a great experience for the young Dylan. Only 20 at the time of arriving in New York, he was able to create quite an impression almost immediately. He played regular gigs at the Cafe Wha? and would occasionally work as a session musician for Columbia. John Hammond, a record produced for Columbia Records, happened to be watching a recording ession that Dylan was part of, and recognized his talent immediately. Before discovering Dylan, Hammond’s most notable signing was Billie Holliday, the singer of â€Å"Strange Fruit†. Released in 1939, â€Å"Strange Fruit† was a song about racial injustice and lynch mobs in the American south, which at the time was very heavy subject material. However, the song wa s a great success and helped to draw attention from the north to the injustices of the south. It also showed that Hammond wasn’t afraid to support controversial artists with opinions, given his support of the desegregation of the music industry. Dylan himself has described Hammond as â€Å"no bull-shitter. There were maybe a thousand kings in the world an he was one of them†. Dylan released his first album in 1962, produced by John Hammond. The record only had two original compositions, but that’s what the folk scene was like at the time. The album flopped, only selling about 5000 copies, and Dylan was soon being referred to as â€Å"Hammond’s folly†. Undeterred, Dylan soon sought out a manager, and found Albert Grossman. In Chronicles, Dylan describes his first impression of Grossman: â€Å"He looked like Sydney Greenstreet from the film The Maltese Falcon, had an enormous presence, always dressed in a conventional suit and tie, and he sat at his corner table. Usually when he talked, his voice was loud like the booming of war drums. He didn't talk so much as growl†. Grossman was also the man responsible for forming Peter, Paul and Mary. They were a truly manufactured form of music, where Grossman had gone so far as to change Paul’s name from Noel to Paul in order to achieve that wholesome, Bible feel. Through Grossman, Peter Paul and Mary were able to record Dylan’s Blowin’ In The Wind, achieving a #2 hit just behind the Beatles ‘Help! , and marking Dylan as an expert songwriter for the new movement that was emerging. Dave Van Rock, a contemporary of Dylan’s from his village days, told Mike Marquees that the folk revival could be described as â€Å"part and parcel of the big left turn middle-class college students were making†¦ So we owe it all to Rosa Parks†, or more s pecifically, the sit-in movement that had begun with four college students in North Carolina. The movement began to gain traction as it spread to other cities, and a few weeks after the North Carolina sit-ins, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was formed. The SNCC committed itself to destroying Jim Crow through nonviolent means and action, and adopted many folk songs as â€Å"freedom songs†. The SNCC had a sister group in CORE, or, the Congress of Racial Equality. Founded in 1942, the group had practically collapsed in the McCarthy era, but was finding renew strength and interest by both whites and blacks that wanted to take an active role in social change. One of the members was Bob Dylan’s girlfriend, Suze Rotolo. Rotolo booked the then unknown Dylan for a CORE gig, and wanting new material to play, he wrote â€Å"The Death of Emmitt Till†. Murdered in 1955 for llegedly making lewd comments to a shop owner’s wife, Till was only 14 years old. After being missing for a few days, his body was recovered from a river, weighed down by a cotton gin secured to his neck with razor wire. The men who were eventually charged were acquitted on all charges and the case remained unsolved. Till’s mother insisted t hat the photos of her son’s body be run in the paper to show exactly how ugly the racism of the south was, that they would kill and mame a child. Though Dylan quickly derided the song as â€Å"bullshit† and never released it, it was a pivotal moment in his songwriting career. Dylan was born the same year as Till, as was Muhammad Ali, who often said that Till’s murder was a defining moment in his own racial consciousness. Dylan’s political affiliations reached their peak on August 28, 1963, when he performed alongside Peter Paul and Mary, Joan Baez, and Odetta at the March on Washington. Peter Yarrow of Peter Paul and Mary said that the March on Washington â€Å"was not only a moment of extreme hopefulness, it was a moment of the confirmation of the possibility of that hope becoming a reality. That was the moment of recognition of what people could do to change history†. Everyone but Dylan took part in singing Blowin’ In The Wind, and then he stepped up to perform two songs unfamiliar to the audience. Seemingly unable or unwilling to express himself in anyway but song, Dylan didn’t speak, he began playing ‘When The Ship Comes In’. Singing about how â€Å"the sun will respect/every face on the deck†, Dylan shared his â€Å"jaunty vision of inclusive, unqualified liberation, unfolding as ‘the whole wide world is watching’†. The â€Å"ship† he sings of is likely a metaphor for what was being called â€Å"The Movement†. With the biblical phrasing and the egalitarian imagery, the song had a lot in common with the â€Å"Dream† speech that Martin Luther King Jr would give later that day. Dylan, though obviously not African American, was Jewish, and so the message of inclusion in both the song and the speech extend to the persecutions that the Jewish people had suffered in America as well. His second song had been inspired by the assassination of Medger Evers, an organizer for the NAACP in Jackson, Mississippi. Evers had been shot only a few months previous, on June 12, 1963, only a few hours after President Kennedy announced plans to seek new civil rights legislation. A war hero, Evers had been involved with the Emmitt Till case, and had been an instrumental figure in the NAACP. Using rap-like rhythm, Dylan sings a song simple in form but deep in content. He doesn’t condemn the assassin, but rather, he condemns the political system that encourages the behavior of the poor uneducated masses. The song was titled â€Å"Only A Pawn In Their Game†, and it has been described as a â€Å"searing class analysis of the southern skin privilege† in America. The song begin by retelling how the man shot Evers from behind a bush, and sings â€Å"But he can’t be blamed, he’s only a pawn in their game†. The next verse, Dylan cuts directly to his point; â€Å"A South politician preaches to the poor white man â€Å"You got more than blacks, don't complain You're better than them, you been born with white skin† they explain,† Dylan attempted to demonstrate the politics of racial division in song form, on a day when everyone else was focusing on unity. The song’s core message was about the persistence of racism, and â€Å"the central weight of white-skin privilege† in the American political system. Dylan doesn’t hold the individual responsible, he holds the state responsible, and the political system that pits poor whites against poor blacks. This was the ultimate finger-pointing song. Not long after, Dylan released his 3rd album, The Times They Are A-Changin’, but he had already become isillusioned with The Movement. No sooner had he been appointed the musical conscience and spokesman of a generation than he rebelled against in. Echoing his own song lyrics showing that he, like the â€Å"sons and the daughters† in Times They Are A-Changin’, was also â€Å"beyond your command† . When President Kennedy was shot in November 1963, it affected Dylan more than he would admit. The entire country was in shock, and less than a month after the shooting on Friday December 13, The Emergency Civil Liberties Committee presented Dylan with the Thomas Paine award for his work with the civil rights movement. Dylan, still only 22 at the time, was very nervous and became fairly intoxicated. When he got up to accept the award, he didn’t make much of an effort to mask his contempt for the people there: â€Å"I haven't got any guitar, I can talk though. I want to thank you for the Tom Paine award in behalf everybody that went down to Cuba. First of all because they're all young and it's took me a long time to get young and now I consider myself young. And I'm proud of it. I'm proud that I'm young. And I only wish that all you people who are sitting out here today or tonight weren't here and I could see all kinds of faces with hair on their head – nd everything like that, everything leading to youngness, celebrating the anniversary when we overthrew the House Un-American Activities just yesterday, – Because you people should be at the beach†¦.. There's no black and white, left and right to me anymore; there's only up and down and down is very close to the ground. And I'm trying to go up without thinking about anything trivial such as politics. † Essentially, the speech served as his declaration of independence from politics. Dylan’s assertion that he now considered himself â€Å"young† was further emphasized the following June when he released Another Side Of Bob Dylan. The songs on the album were a different variety than that of his previous material, especially the song ‘My Back Pages’, with its refrain of â€Å"I was so much older then, I’m younger than that now†. This song served to boil-down his drunken babbling at the ECLC to a beautiful piece of art that explained his position in a way that people would understand. In March of 1965, Dylan released his fifth album, Bringing It All Back Home. It wasn’t a complete departure from what he had been doing, with the album content split 50/50 between acoustic and electric arrangements, but it was a clear indication f where he was going with the music. The defining moment came when he played the Newport Folk Festival in July of that year, in what would later be referred to as â€Å"the most written about performance in the history of rock†. Dylan wanted to play electric instruments and asked members of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band to play with him. Together, they played three, ‘Maggie’s Farm’ off of Bringing It All Back Home, ‘Like a Rolling Stone’, which had just been released, and an unreleased version of ‘It Takes a Lot Too Laugh, It Takes a Train To Cry’. There was a large amount of booing, and the performance was a clear eparture from his previous two appearances at the festival, when he performed acoustic songs with Joan Baez. The irony though, was that in not wanting Dylan to change as an artist, they were actually acting like the Establishment that they were hoping to change. Their reaction to his evolution and change in direction was a desire to maintain the status quo, and was actually is counterintuitive to the emerging counterculture. Over the next year, Dylan would go on to make Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde On Blonde, each with fully electric arrangements. Throughout his fifty-year career, Dylan has proven countless times that he’s apable of reinvention. After starting out as a rock and roller, he turned to folk and protest music. When that lost it’s appeal, he went back to rock music, and by the end of the sixties he had invented folk-rock and country-rock with his albums John Wesley Harding and Nashville Skyline, respectively. His turn away from politics and the New Left movement set the precedent for the selfish behavior that would dominate late sixties and early seventies culture, and he came to be recognized as a symbol for what was, and largely still is, considered â€Å"cool†. The guy is so â€Å"cool† in act, that when President Obama presented him with The Presidential Medal Of Freedom earlier this year, saying that â€Å"There is not a bigger giant in the history of American music,† and that the â€Å"unique gravel-y power of his voice helped redefine not just what music sounded like, but the message it carried and how it made people feel†, Dylan accepted the medal wearing aviator sunglasses. The significance of the President being a young black man from Chicago, wh ere protesters chanted Dylan’s line â€Å"The Whole World Is Watching! † during the 1968 riots outside the democratic national convention should not be overlooked. Dylan’s work throughout the early 60s created a legacy for the rest of the musicians and bands that would come out of the decade. Bruce Springsteen, an artist also signed by John Hammond and who was called â€Å"The New Bob Dylan† when he released his first album, inducted Dylan into the Rock-and-Roll Hall of Fame, saying that while â€Å"Elvis freed our bodies, Bob Dylan freed our minds†. Springsteen also spoke for the countless band and groups that Dylan inspired, saying: â€Å"without Bob, the Beatles wouldn’t have made Sgt. Pepper’s, the Beach Boys wouldn’t have made Pet Sounds, the Sex Pistols ouldn’t have made ‘God Save The Queen’, U2 wouldn’t have done ‘Pride In The Name Of Love’, Marvin Gaye wouldn’t have done ‘What’s Goin’ On? ’, the Count Five would not have done ‘Psychotic Reaction’, and Grandmaster Flash might not have done ‘The Messageâ €™ † Springsteen outlines the influence that Dylan has had a wide scope of genres, but the defining characteristic that these bands have in common is that they were all willing to produce songs on touchy subjects in new, bold interesting ways. Dylan inspired these artists to look at what society was offering, and to say â€Å"here’s something better†.

Essay on Mr Ghode

Essay on Mr Ghode Essay on Mr Ghode between the states that succeed and fail. For legitimacy to exist a state must satisfy the following characteristics; the physical basis including, effective sovereignty, and a international consensus on territory. Supported by an implicit social contract and a consensus on the concept of the state. It is exactly the failure to meet these dimensions that lead to the perils of the weak state, there are several causal factors to why periphery nations have difficulty achieving legitimacy. It stems from the nations development, many of which emerged from colonialism. The colonial legacy has very negative consequences for the developing nation, principally because the social and political institutions left to the new nation hinders it rather than helps. The political institutions were founded on a western premise, political participation, accountability and constitutionalism are not always the suitable basis for development, it is as if the new nation has to set itself against a western t emplate. The bureaucratic structure was inherently elitist, decisions made in the capital were often resented in the country. Colonial authorities sustained cultural elite's to rule over their inferiors, this was exactly the case in Rwanda. "In a number of instances ..the allocation by the state of differential rights of access was based on a normative scale according to which groups were seen as superior to others, and at times these normative evaluations were projected into the collective images which Africans formed of themselves." Colonialism also left organised military and police forces, often used as instruments of coercion. In a deteriorating state they become a law unto themselves, selling themselves as mercenaries to wealthy independents. For the few states that do develop most descend into civil war, rebellion, wars of succession and political corruption, "between 1958 and 1985, there has been 65 forcible changes of government in Africa alone." It would be inaccurate to presume that Europe is spared these problems but the Intra-war in ex-Yugoslavia shattered this illusion. A feature of the war in Yugoslavia was ethnicity, ethnic hostilities hidden under the silencing hand of communism were emerging. Experts on ethnicity such as Ted Gurr suggests that ethnic hatreds and affinities can be products of the weak state, they are not primordial but arise in particular political, social and economic conditions. The state can often be seen as exploiting ethnic grievances for their own political ends. Emerging peripheral nations have been unable to cope with the pressure of rapid economic modernisation and the legacy of colonialism, the tensions that arise cause stress on the basic foundations of the developing nation leading to a decent into revolutionary violence. This alternative strategy of war fare is becoming increasingly prolific. the last major state confrontation could be viewed as the cold war and the nuclear stalemate that ensued, since the advent of nuclear weapons inter-state war has become obsolete because of the threat of total annihilation that is posed. The new form of war-fare is Intra-state war and insurgency. " in the last eight years alone there have been no less that 164 internationally significant out breaks of revolutionary violence" . The terms insurgency and revolutionary war-fare are largely inter-changeable, they refer to a particular variety of revolutionary activity that involves a protracted struggle using irregular military tactics. Tactics involve psychological and political operations in addition to conventional military strategies. The goal is generally to form a new system or political structure from within the state. Insurgency is markedly different to conventional war, T.E Elliot defines it as "an influence, an idea, a thing intangible, without front or back, drifting like a gas." Conventional war focuses its attention on military considerations were insurgency

Leave a Message

Leave a Message What are the most important things in your life? Nowadays, whatever you are going to tell about – your life, celebrities’ private life, politics, literature or a notice of the day – may take you not more than 140 symbols, and #twitter proves it perfectly. We can more or less easily describe ourselves in 4 words, find our 3 top best features or 2 things we hate about people and choose one dream to come true†¦ Recently different funny twitter marathons became popular like #ReplaceALetterRuinATvShow or #RuinAWeddingIn5Words. They were full of creativity and fun.  IMHO such limits teach us to think and to pick catchy words from our vocabulary to express what we want and make other people pay attention to our voices, to listen to us, to follow us and, hopefully, re-tweet us. The same with the famous #elevatorpitch: imagine you were dreaming to realize the project of your life and only one person can help you, but it is so difficult to reach him or her. Suddenly you meet this person in the elevator (finally!) and you have an opportunity to attract him or her with your fabulous idea: take a chance but you have only one minute.  It reminded one story I have read once on the Internet about one professor and his stuffed jar: Practice What You Preach â€Å"The professor walks into a classroom and sets a glass jar on the table. He puts 2-inch rocks in the jar until no more can fit. He asks the class if the jar is full and they agree it is. Then, he pulls out a pile of beans, adding them to the jar, shaking it slightly until they fill the spaces between the rocks. He asks again if the jar is full, and they agree. So next, he adds a scoop of sand to the jar, filling the space between the beans and asks the question again. Then he grabs a pitcher of water and fills the jar to the brim, saying, â€Å"If this jar is your life, what does this experiment show you?†. Then he looks out at the class and says, â€Å"The rocks represent the BIG things in your life – what you will value at the end of your life – your family, your partner, your health, fulfilling your hopes and dreams. The beans are the other things in your life that give it meaning, like your job, your house, your hobbies, your friendships. The sand and water represent the ‘small stuff’ that fills our time. Can you see what would happen if I started with the sand or the beans?†Ã‚  It is very important to remember about BIG things and find proper words to leave your message to the world.   The popularity of #socialmedia makes me think of the power of a letter, the power of each word. How careful we have to be with our expressions, sayings, posts and tweets living during the time when a word is a weapon and the Internet is an information battlefield.

Financial Reporting Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Reporting Problem - Essay Example et, the receivables should then be reported, representing those items on the balance sheet that are expected to yield cash in the near future like the prepaid expenses or the inventory. Further, the money owed to the company by its debtors follows closely, being the total receivables reported for the period, that they will expect to be paid in the near future. To this end, cash and cash equivalents provide the liquid assets of the company and should have therefore have been outlined last in the balance sheet. The company’s assets are classified based on their liquidity and on whether they provide long term or short-term service to the company. On the aspect of liquidity, it is plausible to note that the least liquid assets have been placed together, including goodwill, long-term investments and deferred tax assets. On the other hand, receivables, which are more liquid are placed in the same class, which details the amounts of cash that the company anticipates to receive from debtors and operating activities of the company. These are items like the prepaid expenses, the deferred tax assets and inventory. Still, in terms of liquidity, it is notable to state that the most liquid assets have been recognized and placed in the same category in the uppermost part of the balance sheet. In terms of the extent of service anticipated, the company’s assets are also classified in terms of whether they provide long-term usefulness or help the company meet its short-term obligations. In t his perspective, it would be important to note that the fixed or non-current assets have been classified in the same way, while the current assets are also placed in the same category. Cash equivalents are a class of assets on the balance sheet, which represent a category of investments on which the company is able to derive term payments, mostly known as interest. This amount of money paid as interest is calculated as a percentage of the money committed as an investment by the company,

Report on Reward and Motivation within Google Essay

Report on Reward and Motivation within Google - Essay Example In January 2012, Google was named the best place to work in the U.S, by Fortune’s list of the 100 best companies to work for. The reason Fortune picked Google is that â€Å"employees rave about their mission, the culture, and the famous perks of the Plex: bocce courts, a bowling alley, eye brow shaping in the New York office. Then there’s food: some 25 cafes companywide, all free.† All of these factors that Fortune mentioned are a part of Google’s plan to motivate their employees to be more creative, work better as a team, come up with new business ideas and for the employees to generally have a better experience at their workplace. To look at how Google do this, we can link their methods to different models for motivation such as Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation. Google has a pleasant work environment for its employees and is using various others non-financial methods of motivation. Its pract ice of offering non-monetary incentives by giving employees such rewards (e.g. greater autonomy, nicer work environment, sense that the organisation is doing good, etc.) will motivate employees unlike financial rewards which are soon forgotten. Surely, most of employees want to have their own space and are ready to work for it. The search giant is famous for its laundry list of perks including free food at any of its cafeterias, a climbing wall, and, well, free laundry. It also provides its workers a place where they can relax or meditate in their free time. In Google’s offices meeting rooms are filled with beanbags rather than hard office chairs, table-tennis tables and PlayStations which may seem trivial at first, but they have become a strong non-monetary motivational incentive. Having unique consumer perks and exceptional leisure areas, it increased innovation through creating a relaxed atmosphere at work that in turn creates very high job loyalty. This distinctive approa ch makes it more flexible to cope with changes in the ever changing labour market. By using non – financial motivation Google separates itself from other companies in the industry. They are making their workplace and work environment attractive to potential new employees, since they are not only offering high salaries, but also a comfortable and different place to work at. These non – financial motivational factors make employees feel like they are not only a part of the company, but also a part of a big creative project. â€Å"Motivation is the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviour† (Mullins, 2009:471). Abraham Maslow categorized human needs into 5 levels (Lindh et al., 2010). The basic idea is that as one level of need is satisfied, the need to satisfy the level above becomes important. These are 5 levels: physiological needs (food, water, sleep, salary), safety and security (stability, protection), love and b elonging (affection, need for engagement and sharing), self – esteem (self-respect, prestige, status), self – actualization (growth, advancement, creativity). Google Company is famous for their work environment. So, what so special in Google and can we say that Google covers all 5 stages in Maslow’s Hierarchy? Maslow’