A Clockwork Orange Essay: New Testament for American Youth?

A Clockwork Orange New volition for American spring chicken? In Anthony Burgesss A Clockwork Orange, he observes a characteristic of youth that has been documented from the story of Icaris to the movie Rebel without a Cause. Through his sly method of examination of this characteristic, the sci-fi novel, he has created an aspect of what he chose to observe Rebellion. Our hero, Alex, begins the novel by explaining his mischeviouse exploits in a manner not far from nostalgia, that is tainted with a bit of sarcasm for any bleeding-heart pity one might feel for his victims, as when he recalls his own realization of the importance of the term, A Clockwork Orange. Alex says of the author and his married woman that he would like to have tolchocked them harder and ripped them to ribbons on their own floor. (CO 38) By the juxtaposition of the intelligent rational used in the contemplation of this concept with the complete want of respect for it, Burgess shows Alexs attitude as one of chi ldish ignorance coupled with testosterone induced negative energy. An attitude not absent from any boys upbringing. As Alex is growing by means of that difficult age known as adolescence, he is taking part in what we have called depaternalisation, throwing off the constraints of the previous generation. This is accomplished by random acts of violence, of course, but also through Alexs existence within a subculture, which by definition is separate from and therefor contrasts with the mainstream culture. Alexs subculture is one of youth, and it is be by its style of dress and its slang. Alexs style of dress, described twice to us, once with his first gang and once with his second, is intentionally outrageous by our standards, with a pair of blac... ...t need to become good to maintain the theme of free will, although it must be much more reassuring to any of the elderly who subscribe to the book. My argument is that the book is suppose to be in opposition to the elderly, just li ke Alex is, and just like the audience is (i.e. American callowness). Through its rebelliousness achieved by the omission of the last chapter, A Clockwork Orange has become a manifesto for rebellion, an aspect of the culture it was written to observe. Today, Madonna dresses as Alex did in Kubricks film, choreographing dancing routines that look like scenes of rape and ultra-violence from the movie. When walking down the streets of campus, where bohemian lifestyles are embraced, the words in-out, in-out and ultra-violence are met with cheers of recognition and admiration. Has A Clockwork Orange become the New will for American youth?   A Clockwork Orange Essay New Testament for American Youth?A Clockwork Orange New Testament for American Youth? In Anthony Burgesss A Clockwork Orange, he observes a characteristic of youth that has been documented from the story of Icaris to the movie Rebel without a Cause. Through his able method of examination of this characte ristic, the sci-fi novel, he has created an aspect of what he chose to observe Rebellion. Our hero, Alex, begins the novel by explaining his mischeviouse exploits in a manner not far from nostalgia, that is tainted with a bit of sarcasm for any bleeding-heart pity one might feel for his victims, as when he recalls his own realization of the importance of the term, A Clockwork Orange. Alex says of the author and his wife that he would like to have tolchocked them harder and ripped them to ribbons on their own floor. (CO 38) By the juxtaposition of the intelligent rational used in the contemplation of this concept with the complete wish of respect for it, Burgess shows Alexs attitude as one of childish ignorance coupled with testosterone induced negative energy. An attitude not absent from any boys upbringing. As Alex is growing through that difficult age known as adolescence, he is taking part in what we have called depaternalisation, throwing off the constraints of the previous gen eration. This is accomplished through random acts of violence, of course, but also through Alexs existence within a subculture, which by definition is separate from and therefor contrasts with the mainstream culture. Alexs subculture is one of youth, and it is defined by its style of dress and its slang. Alexs style of dress, described twice to us, once with his first gang and once with his second, is intentionally outrageous by our standards, with a pair of blac... ...t need to become good to maintain the theme of free will, although it must be much more reassuring to any of the elderly who ascertain the book. My argument is that the book is suppose to be in opposition to the elderly, just like Alex is, and just like the audience is (i.e. American Youth). Through its rebelliousness achieved by the omission of the last chapter, A Clockwork Orange has become a manifesto for rebellion, an aspect of the culture it was written to observe. Today, Madonna dresses as Alex did in Kubrick s film, choreographing move routines that look like scenes of rape and ultra-violence from the movie. When walking down the streets of campus, where bohemian lifestyles are embraced, the words in-out, in-out and ultra-violence are met with cheers of recognition and admiration. Has A Clockwork Orange become the New Testament for American youth?  

Montaigne :: essays research papers

One of the spaciousest renaissance thinkers Montaigne Often took himself as the object of study in his Essays. While using himself he attempted to weigh earthly concern and Asses his nature, habits and his own opinions and those of others. He was searching for truth by reflecting on his readings, travels, and experiences both public and private. His writing style is light and un-technical. He was also a great example of a renaissance skeptic and fiedism. Fiedism is a strategy, which uses suspicion in order to clear ground for Catholicism. Probably iodine of the greatest examples would be His self-justification for Raymond Sebond.As a young child he had a german tutor, who spoke to him in latin only. When he was six and a half he was sent to the College of Guyenne at Bordeux, where he stayed for seven years. It is believed that he examine logic and dialects for two years at the Bordeaux Faculty of Arts, with Marc-de Muret as tutor. Then he studied law possibly at Boreoux. Then he became a counselor at the Cour des Aides of Perigord he was soon incorporated like his colleagues in the parliament of Bordeaux. The new councellor had no likeing for his proffessin, and he was often absent from the Parlement. From 1553 to 1561 he attended the court. Two years later he married Francois de la chassaigne, the daughter of parliamentary advocate. They had five daughters only one out lived him. In 1571 he went on a journey where he started writing his essays. When he came back on that point was letter for him to become mayor, which he accepted and held for four years. Montage tries to humble mans pride There is a plague on man, the opinion that he knows something This skepticism is connected with the doctrine of Christian folly which say god s wisdom is to b found in the lowly and meek and that the belief that one has knowledge prevents one from accepting the truths of religion. He argues that man is inferior to beast.In his Apology for Raymond Sebond The renaissanc e was a period of expanding horizons and one in which there was a large increase in knowledge of the world and its inhabitants.

Columbine Essay -- essays papers

aquilege The tragedy at Columbine High School is something that will be remembered and talked about for m whatsoever a(prenominal) years to come. People from across the nation have solely heard about this horizontalt. But there are still a couple questions that wad have. For instance whos to blame? The kids alone, the parents for how they brought the children up, or even genuinely the students at Columbine? Most say that the parents are to blame, but who actually knows? In my perspicacity the only two people that can actually answer this question truthfully are both dead. Everyone wants answers. Did the kids have help? Who was it? Who sold them the weapons and why? why did they do this? How could they do this? I had a class about the last question. Who could actually go into a room and commit a crime of murder in a domesticate of people that you know and have grown up with? Most of our class thought that they couldnt ever get abundant anger to do anything even remotely as bad, but when you actually think about it, if you had no friends and where made fun of all the time. It looked the likes of your parents, teachers, and even all your own piers where against you. I think anyone could snap and maybe even do something as drastic as this (Why at Columbine High). Did the boys, Dylan Klebold, 17, and Eric Harris, 18, have any help doing this crime. As of yet no one has true evidence that proves they did except they did find who sold them the weapons. Police found around thirty low-toned bombs and one twenty-pound propane bomb in the school, enough explosives to blow the school into almost nothing. For this reason people believe that the boys either had to have help or they had visited the school many times to plan this assault. No one talking though and no proof has been found. Their not only looking for information from someone that could institutionalize to someone that had helped theyre also looking for someone that had known that this was go ing to happen, so that they may find the answers to so many questions (The Colorado Shooting Who Helped). anyways many bombs the police had also found a horrible felo-de-se note. Your children who have ridiculed me, who have chosen not to accept me, who have treated me like I am not worth their time are dead. THEY ARE (expletive) DEAD. I may have taken their lives and my own - but it was your doing. Teachers, parents, LET THIS put to death BE ON YOUR SHOULDERS UNTIL ... ...no one except investigators and policemen in the school the police finally let them in. Everyone had something to get or look at, since the kids all had to leave their withstand bags in the school. A lot of the kids despised having to go back to school where many of their friends were killed or even injured (A Sad Homecoming at Columbine High). As of now in the little town of Littleton, the people are decided rather or not to destroy the old library and construct a new one, for over three million dollars. T hey see the library as a horrible memory since ten of the students were killed and thats where the boys committed suicide (Library Approval Delayed). This entire event got worse and worse as I read into it. Before now I never knew what was written in the suicide notes that they had written, but now that I do its really unbelievable that a human could think up such a thing and actually do it. Its one thing to think about doing it, but strictly another going through with something so gruesome. I believe all of us feel left out sometimes, or maybe just seeing everything go wrong from them and that everyones against them, but I dont see it in anyone to take that hated to these extremes.

Process Drama Essay -- Theatre

Drama according to the Wikipedia free encyclopedia is the specific mode of apologue represented in performance, which comes from a Greek word (drao) meaning action. A hammy production depends mostly on in-depth development of realistic characters dealing with activated themes, it put the characters in conflict with themselves, others, society and even natural phenomena. According to Learning Stream, drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action crisis and atmosphere knowing to be acted by characters on a stage before an audience. forge drama according free Wikipedia encyclopedia is a method of teaching and learning, where twain the students and teacher are working in and out of bureau. Cecily ONeill, Brian Way (et al) (1995) further postulates that it is a teaching methodology used to explore a problem, situation, theme or series of related ideas. Process drama is unscripted it eliminates some of the elements that other genres of drama consist such as a script an d writing and memorizing of the script. It entails mostly the use o language skills, listening and speaking but not reading, writing or memorizing. Because of this, process drama is appropriate for students of all ages, as in that location are no steadfast rules of how to perform and no script is needed. It is an imaginary world created by students and teachers to solve conflicts that arise daily, placing themselves in another persons position. Process drama is a self motivated tool that assists facilitators to reflect in action. To reflect in action facilitators strategize and constantly add creative and classifiable changes to situations that need a novel approach. Process drama is used to promote literacy among students. Literacy is developed, while a vast am... ...drama is an interesting activity to foster and facilitate the role of the teacher and the student in the classroom setting. In facilitating and fostering process drama facilitators and student work collaboratively t o create an intrinsic, imaginative world where through dramatic presentations problems are solved and harmonious solutions to aspects of real life experiences is conjured. The principles of process drama are a vehicle that is used to execute the role of the student and facilitator in adding to successive novelty approach to process drama in our classroom setting. Works CitedONeill, Cecily (1995) Drama Worlds A Framework for Process Dram(The Dimensions of Drama). Heinemann Drama.Bowell, P., Heap, Brian S. Planning Process Drama, pp. 28,Osbourn,s.Learning Smart .lifestreamcenter.Vygotsky, L.,(1978). The childs Mind and Society.

Olenka In The Darling Essay -- essays research papers

Olenka was quite a darling. She was quiet, and always had an imaginative smile. Unfortunately, she had a personality defect. Her problem was the fact that she didn&8217t have a personality of her own it was always that of her lovers.In the beginning of the story she was married to Kukin. When she was with Kukin, he complained about the come down on his garden. He said, &8220Almost every evening it rains. It is simply awful The public doesn&8217t come, but I have to pay the rent on the button the same, (172). This foreshadows what is going to happen to Olenka when Kukin dies. She worked hard at taking on his beliefs and opinions, and mastering his way of thinking. She acted as a mirror of her husband and it was her only way of life. then when he died, her mirror was broken. This left her not knowing what to do cause she had no personality anymore because it died.After Kukin&8217s death, Olenka did nothing else but claim and dwell on the fact that she had no one to love. As she mourned, she said, &8220 my precious, my darling Why did I ever know you and love you You poor heart-broken Olenka is all altogether without you,(174). Then Pustovalov came along, the timber merchant, and she once again fell in love. This changed her life from the theater into a new life of business. Her husbands ideas were hers. If he thought the room was also hot, she thought the same.At one...

Olenka In The Darling Essay -- essays research papers

Olenka was quite a darling. She was quiet, and ceaselessly had an imaginative smile. Unfortunately, she had a personality defect. Her problem was the fact that she didn&8217t have a personality of her own it was al focussings that of her lovers.In the beginning of the story she was married to Kukin. When she was with Kukin, he complained about the rain on his garden. He said, &8220Almost every evening it rains. It is simply awful The in the public eye(predicate) doesn&8217t come, but I have to pay the rent just the same, (172). This foreshadows what is going to happen to Olenka when Kukin dies. She worked hard at taking on his beliefs and opinions, and mastering his way of thinking. She acted as a mirror of her husband and it was her only way of life. Then when he died, her mirror was broken. This left her not knowing what to do cause she had no personality anymore because it died.After Kukin&8217s death, Olenka did nothing else but cry and dwell on the fact that she had no one t o love. As she mourned, she said, &8220 my precious, my darling wherefore did I ever know you and love you You poor heart-broken Olenka is all alone without you,(174). Then Pustovalov came along, the timber merchant, and she once again fell in love. This changed her life from the menage into a new life of business. Her husbands ideas were hers. If he thought the room was too hot, she thought the same.At one...

Animation Reaction Paper

ANI 206 / P. Trecka Reaction Paper 1 -Submit online (COL) before midnight. Max Points 5 Screen Gertie the Dinosaur, Winsor McCay, 1914 (U. S. A. ) The Tantalizing Fly, Max and Dave Fleischer, 1919 (U. S. A. ) Dizzy Dishes, Dir. Dave Fleischer, 1930 (USA) Write Respond to unmatched of the above films. Focus your analysis on specific examples from the film in question. Use the film terminology you are learning in class and in the assigned readings. Organize your analysis in an informed and spirited way.Literacy You are responsible for reading, taking notes and writing clear, intelligent essays that reflect an understanding of the themes, terminology and stratagem of animated films. Basic criteria but not limited to Thesis, focus, content, ideas, analysis, interpretation Structure, organization, logic, integration of sources Use of Evidence, inclusion of relevant, specific historical evidence Logic, writing clarity and justness Written in the first person, subjective point of vie w I Do not retell the story Save as yourname_reaction_1. doc (WORD doc PLEASE) Spell/grammar check Approximately 400 words, 5 organized paragraphs. To consider Framing and composition Themes and motifs Character design Setting Cel animation Sometimes called traditionalistic animation is hand drawn, frame-by- frame on paper and or celluloid/acetate sheets.Iris-in A shot that opens from darkness in an expanding circle of light. Iris-out The opposite of an iris-in. modify Short for metamorphosis. The action is continuous and one object or action transforms into another. Reflexivity reflexivity sometimes referred to as self-reflexivity, describes the process by which an animator or film draws attention to itself, reminding the viewer of the medium.

Preferences for Boys and Girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal

Preferences for boys and girls in second Korea, chinaware, India and Nepal The studies of gender bias in several developing countries in Asia have accredited wide attention over the past ii decades. Demographers have noted worrying moves in wind up proportionality at birth in nearly of the closely populous countries in Asia South Korea, China, India and Nepal argon the most markedly countries. One of the measures of agreement that has been recognized in this phenomenon among these quatern countries is the traditionally-and-culturally-rooted of male child orientation course.Son gustatory sensation has several features that illustrate the inclination of the male sex in contrast to the female sex resulting numerous differences in preferences of boys and girls in the societies of these four countries. The features of tidings preference are based on socio-cultural, socio-economic and institutional factors in South Korea, China, India and Nepal, and consequently, have formed an imbalance in the countries sex ratios mainly due to female infants mortality.South Korea was one of the first countries to represent the trend of son preference. This is mainly due to Confucian influence that is acutely embedded in the populace, whereby the firstborn son of the most recent male source must lead family rituals. The family dies if there were no sons being born (Westley & Choe 2007). Since pre-industrial South Korea, a persons access to power, favorable status and economic opportunities depended heavily on their gender, filiation and their position within that line eld.Chung & Gupta (2007) described that a number of the lineages in South Korea had formed into larger super ordinates lineage or in other words can be referred to as clan, where some joint properties are held and utilized to support ancestor worship rituals and to help lineage members in need. Therefore, it was a primary duty to bear sons to ensure the continuity of a familys lineage. On another not e, son preference played a role in terms of a socio-economic view when the South Korean governments had subsequently reinforced the Confucian traditions in a series of authoritarian policies in order to maintain social and political stability.For example, the Family Law stipulated that family headship must be held by men in the line of the eldest son, inheritance should be through male line, women should be communicatered to their husbands family register upon marriage and children are belonged to the fathers lineage even in the case of divorce (Chung & Gupta 2007). drawframe _Figure 1. 0 Trends in sex ratio at birth and total fertility rate, South Korea, 1980-2003 (Westley & Choe 2007). _ In addition, sonography equipment was first mass-produced in the outlandish in the mid-1980s.Therefore, the introduction in technologies to determine the sex of unborn fetuses combined with the widespread of abortion availability do it possible for couples that wanted a son to selectively abo rt female fetuses. In 1990, as seen in Figure 1. 0, the sex ratio indicated that nearly two boys were born at this birth order for either girl (Westley & Choe 2007) resulting in an annex of sex ratio at its highest peak in South Korea. as well as South Korea, son preference became visible in China since it is another Confucian-practiced country.The people held beliefs that a persons empowerment relies on their lineage and the lineage is solely traced through the male. Therefore, failure to produce a son is considered tantamount to extinction of the family line (Almond et. al 2005). Furthermore, the influence of son preference has been historically and traditionally strong in the country where it can be reflected in this ancient Chinese song quoted When a son is born, Let him sleep on the bed, Clothe him with fine clothes, And give him jade to playWhen a daughter is born, Let her sleep on the ground, Wrap her in common wrappings, And give abject tiles to play - Book of Songs (100 0-700 B. C. ) (Baculinao 2004). drawframe _Figure 2. 0 raise ratio of population age 0-4 in China, 1953-2005 (Shuzhuo Li 2007)_ In rural areas of China and among the slight educated societies, sons are basically preferred because they are needed to carry out farm work, offer financial support to aging parents, continue the family progress to and receive family inheritance, and also responsible for ancestor worships.Apart from that, as seen in Figure 3. 0, there has been a sharp rise in sex ratio of children age 0-4 since 1982. This is due to Chinas government imposing the one-child policy as one of the forces to fast-track economic modernization. The policys main condition is that a family, reliant to their volition, is allowed to have one child only. Subsequently, a son is more favoured among the societies due to putting Confucian values into practice (Muller n. d).The government had later on enforced the policy strictly over time where by the regulations included mandatory IU D insertion for all women who had one child and abortion for a woman who had an unauthorized pregnancy. Consequently, out of desperation for a boy, some parents whitethorn have kil conduct newborn daughters or undergo an abortion (Graham et. al 1998) and thus, mothers suffer dangerous psychological pressure and health risks while undergoing sex-selected abortions, which affect both their physical and reproductive health (Shuzhuo Li 2007). drawframe Figure 3. 0 Sex ratio of the child and overall population, India, 1951-2001 (Guilmoto 2007)_ In India, son preference is influenced by the strong religious Hindu belief in the country to a trusted extent where by a family needs a son to perform last rites in order for salvation to be achieved. In other words, sons are considered as breadwinners as they will look after their parents and continue the family name. In addition, Almond et. al (2005) stated that only sons could light a mans funeral pyre and perform the traditional ancestor cu lt.Moreover, some Indian societies practice a tradition whereby daughters have to be married off with a substation share and hence, daughters are more often considered as a financial burden resulting the killing of female newborn babies as the final solution to the dowry problem. What is more, it is blown-up and even becoming more accepted, particularly in the poorer areas of India (Almond et. al 2005). Since daughters will be married into another family, therefore only sons can guarantee for the armorial bearing of the parents in old age, which then resulted a far more widespread practice of discrimination against daughters.Hence, in its most extreme manifestation, the influence of son preference in India can affect on how many girls survive into adulthood and even how girls are born (Westley & Choe 2007). As summarize in Figure 3. 0, from foregoing years mortality conditions of female infants had change magnitude from killing of the female infants and sex-discrimination regim e started to experience a deep change during the 1970s, since pre-natal sex-determination tests became widely available and often led to selective abortion to female fetus (CHREHPA 2007). drawframe Figure 4. 0 Trends in sex ratio at birth under 1 year old in Nepal, 1952/54 2001 (CHREHPA 2007). Nepal has been classified as having considerable levels of son preference since the World Fertility Surveys first documented the phenomenon in the 1980s. As seen in Figure 4. 0, there was an inclining trend in sex ratio at birth in 1970s to 1980s. Son preference in Nepal is a little different compared to the other countries concerning the discrimination against daughters are at a distinctive level.Daughters are very much loved in the family, as they are valued for their responsibility in religious festivals as well as for their emotional and household contribution to the family. Hindus in Nepal assign great value to marrying a virgin daughter. Girls marry early and universally in Nepal becaus e of the religious merit bestowed on those who give them in marriage (Karki 1988). Nevertheless, having sons are very highly prized among the Nepalese societies compared to daughters (Leone et. al 2003).Sons are preferred due for old age security, and lineage where by the Hindu code of conduct in Nepal reinforced the transfer of family name through male offspring. Other than that, sons are more desired for their roles in religious rituals, agricultural labor and companionship. However, many Nepalese couples are ordain to surpass their ideal family sized to satisfy their desire for sons (Hollander 1997). As a consequence, the son preference has affected the contraceptive behavior in Nepal to the extent that Nepalese rarely begin contraception until the desired numbers of sons are born.However, they began to articulate their realization that large families are contributing to shortage of cultivable land and to the deteriorating enkindle wood and water supplies in the hills of Nepal (Karki 1988). Hence, methods of pre-natal sex determination came to view during the 1970s, and according to research from CHREHPA (2007), 10 out of 25 women that had been told the fetus was a girl resorted to sex-selective abortions an increase in Nepals maternal mortality rates and sex-ratio imbalance as seen in Figure 4. . As a whole, it can be seen that the rationale hobo son preference in South Korea, China, India and Nepal are based on these six features discriminatory inheritance laws, economic value of sons, continuity of family line, family security and strength, socio-cultural norms and springer and dowry system (Gupta et. al 1998). Enhancement of new medical technologies and sex-selective abortions had somehow supported the idea of son preference in these four countries and seem to be a method of having the desired son.Next, it is then perceptibly has created several impacts in socioeconomic and demographic manifestation where by it resulted in higher fertility transitio n, promotes unlikeness in social and human development, associated with excess female deaths and poor health of women, lowers quality of life for women, wastes a valuable human resource and perpetuates cycle of impoverishment and increases income inequality in these four countries (Gupta et. al 1998). Fortunately, the imbalance in sex ratio has spurred some official efforts to shift public opinion in these four countries.Approaches have been made to reduce the sex-ratio imbalances in these countries by making daughters more wanted. Governments and non-governmental organizations work through advocacy, sensitization and awareness-raising programs. In South Korea, after a series of extensive campaigns and programs, sex ratios were once greatly imbalanced, are now returning to normal after women gained status in society through employment opportunities, increased education, and parents with enough money to be financially secure without dependence on their sons (Guilmoto n. . ). South Korea now is the first Asian country to reverse back the trend of rising ratio of sex at birth. China on the other hand, participated by the countrys ambitious Care For Girls program. The program encompasses many dimensions of the sex-ratio predicament. It offers property and other incentives to families with daughters, scholarships for girls, better housing or loans for targeted families and others. It also includes several awareness-raising campaigns, as well as repressive measures against illegal abortions and infanticide.In India, a program called Tamil Nadu is created in 2004 that gave monetary rewards to couples that had one or two girls and agreed to be sterilized. The state also created a Cradle babies in which empty cradles were placed in government centers across the states for couples to abandon unwanted female child without killing them. Furthermore, in 2007, the New Delhi municipal government sponsored a program that provide every girl born in a government hospital wit h a gift deposit of 5000 rupees that accumulated interest and could be cashed once the girls reached the age of 18 (Lederer 2008).Nepal has banned sex-selective abortions in 2002 when it liberalized its own law on abortions. These laws were then strengthened later on in various ways, in order to educate them more effective (Guilmoto n. d. ). Although the strategies for reducing son preference and getting back females rights are many, these are all rather considered as a short-run implication despite the positive and optimistic outcomes. According to an American demographer who has been closely following Chinas population program stated that, The country may be coming o grips with problem as they country is still in dilemma emotional and policy dilemma because the solution to the problem will conflict with other parts of their population strategy to reduce birth rate or some of the measures could perhaps make the problem even worse. The country still has a lot of work to do. There s no road map yet on how to achieve the goal of normal sex ratio (Baculinao 2004). Therefore, the future trends of the son preference are impossible to predict in the long run. Patriarchal systems are still underneath the attitudes among the societies in these countries. disregardless of how many levels of development in lasting efforts to address sex-selective abortion and female infanticide, it will fully require fundamental changes in cultural norms that promote son preference. References Almond, D, Edlund, L & Milligan K (2005) Son preference and the persistence of culture. Downloaded from http//www. nber. org/papers/w15391 as at 25 November 2009. Baculinao, E (2004) China grapples with legacy of its missing girls, MSNBC. Downloaded from http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/5953508 as at 20 November 2009. Chan, A & Yeoh, B.S. A (2002) Gender, Family and Fertility in Asia An Introdyuction. Downloaded from http//www. unescap. org/esid/psis/population/journal/Articles/2002/V17N2A1. pdf . As at 25 November 2009. CHREHPA (2007) Sex Selection Pervasiveness and Preparedness in Nepal. Dowloaded from http//www. unfpa. org/gender/docs/studies/nepal. pdf as at 20 November 2009. Chung, W & Gupta, M. D. (2007)Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? The Role of Development and Public Policy and the Implications for China and India, Policy Researh Working Paper, No. 373, The World Bank. Eberstadt, N (2004) Power and Population in Asia Demographics and the strategic balance. Downloaded from http//www. aei. org/docLib/20040211_PowerandPopulationinAsia. pdf as at 25 November 2009. Edlund, L & Lee, C (2009) Son pereference, sex selection and economic development Theory and evidence from South Korea. Downloaded from http//www. econ. columbia. edu/RePEc/pdf/DP0910-04. pdf as at 25 November 2009. Graham, M. J, Larsen, U (1998) Son Preference in Anhui Province, China, International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 2.

Early Childhood Education and Childcare Essay

Summary Why Universal Childcare? is a great title for an article such as this one. The question enters the referee into a vast pool of potential answers to the question. First off, what does universal child care mean? For me, I believe that universal childcare means every last(predicate) well-nigh childcare, not only in a general sense, still all over the map childcare. Most people dont see a problem with childcare in Canada, but it seems as if there are some issues pertaining to the system of childcare in Canada. In a country of mingy to five million children of 0-12 years of age, Canada now hasfewer than 900,000 regulated childcare spaces. The spark offage of children for whom a space is available increased only to 17. 5 percent about a 10 percent increase over the past fifteen years. (Prentice, 2009, p. 1). A frequent problem most organizations/programs run into is much funding the programs. Without funding, the programs usually suffer and do not meet the maximum amount o f care and quality that it should be able to meet. Along with this, the childhood educators/childcare providers may be undertrained. The quality of the care is frequently troubling limited public financing forces programs to operate ascheaply as possible, and requirements for programs are low. The archaean childhood educators who provide the care are underpaid and often undertrained. Overall, Canadas early childhood education and care situation suffers from chronic neglect. (Prentice, 2009, p. 1). Another reason wherefore this situation may come across as shocking to most people, is because Canada is an extremely wealthy country, so you could expect Canada to have a very operose childcare programs. Childcare programs are always changing, they have changed drastically in the last few years, mostprograms are now looking for ways to date ways of learning and more social support for children. ECEC (Early Childcare Education and Care) is about an integrated and coherent approach to p olicy. It is about providing care that includes all children and all children regardless of employment or socio-economic status. (Prentice, 2009, p. 4). Integrating social support and learning into these childcare programs will expand the knowledge and adaptability of children when entering their later childhood educations. The floor of childcare helps explain why today childcare programs are poorly put together.The origins of childcare were in philanthropy and benevolence. From the mid- nineteenth century to the middle of the 20th century, most of what we know today as childcare programs were provided by educational, philanthropic, or religious organizations, often led by prominent women. (Prentice, 2009, p. 71). Women were the ones who normally ran the childcare centers, but as we see today, women are entering the paid workforce. The organisations did not play a role back then, hence they did not play a part in the responsibility.Today, we count on the government to help fund and organize these programs, which is still adeveloping task. After World War II, the federal government stopped funding childcare. This lead out into outbursts which lead to The Day of Nurseries Act, which became Canadas first provincial legislation.This lead to the number of childcare programs expanding. We saw a direct change in childcare happen in 2006, when the Harper Conservatives make childcare one of their five leading promises. In the 2006 election the Harper Conservatives made childcare one of their five leading promises. (Prentice, 2009, p. 84. ). Unfortunately, what was promised to parents never happened.Childcare disappeared in importance. How were parents supposed to trust anyone with their childcare money? Following the cancellation of the national childcare plan, childcare space expansion channeliseed the smallest increase in regulated child care in some years an increase of only 26,661 spaces since 2006. (Prentice, 2009, p. 86). The author is trying to show the reader the importance of history, and how the little things contribute to how childcare as a whole has developed over the years. Also, the importance of funding programs for childcare.

Design of Byzantine Churches

CASE AREASIn this survey three involved church service servicees from KadAkalesi ( Anaia ) , BaAYpAnar and Aigai were selected as the instance countries to analyze the features of wall pictures from Byzantine period in Western Anatolia ( bod 1 ) . ascertain 1. Location of Anaia, BaAYpAnar and Aigai( Beginning Ramsey 1890 )1. KadAkalesi ( Anaia )KadAkalesi is an ancient colony located in Davutlarlar in the mho of KuAYadasA AydAn. It is located 8 kilometer from the Centre of KuAYadasA . The site is surrounded by gazebos at the present ( Figure 2 ) .KadAkalesi is an upstate palace built in 12th century AD. It is a portion of Byzantine circle of vindication against Turks. The ancient name of KadAkalesi has been identified as Anaia. KadAkalesi ( Anaia ) was founded in a location opposing Samos Island that controls the Samos Strait. It was bordered by Ephesos in the North and Miletos ancient chief city in the South.Figure 2. Aerial exposure of KadAkalesi ( WEB1 )Anaia is situated on a burial mound dating back to the prehistoric ages. Earliest ruins in KadAkalesi is dated to late chalcolithic period. sestet diametric colony strata from late chalcolithic to Byzantine have been determined by diggings ( Akdeniz 2007 ) . These areStratum I- Islam-Byzantine ( Anaia )Stratum II- Ancient Greece-Roman EmpireStratum III- deeply bronze Age ( three stages )Stratum IV- Middle Bronze AgeStratum Va- Early Bronze Age IIIStratum Vb- Early Bronze Age IIStratum Vc- Early Bronze Age IStratum VI- Late Chalcolithic AgeName Anaia is outgrowth seen in the list of taxpaying towns of Attic-Delos Union in the first fractional of the 5 century BC. There is a deficiency of cognition for the Hellenistic period of Anaia. A temple use to Hera had been present in Anaia in the Roman period ( 2neodymium 3rdcentury AD ) . By the acceptance of Christianity as the official faith in 4Thursdaycentury AD Anaia had been an episcopate centre. In 13Thursdaycentury Anaia had been promoted to archbi shop centre. The metropolis was transferred to the Genosians in 1261. Through the undermentioned 50 old ages the metropolis was occupied by the Genosians, the Venetians, the Catalans and the Turks. Anaia was captured by the Turks in the early 1300s. In the fourteenth century the state of matter was under the regulation of AydAnoglu Emirate and so in the fifteenth century it became under the regulation of Ottomans ( Mercangoz 2007 ) .scientific digging in Anaia began in 2001 under the supervising of Prof.Dr. Zeynep Mercangoz ( Ege University ) . At first the purpose of the digging was to make some glade and allow the palace seen with all its impressiveness. But in 2005 a monumental church-monastery composite was uncover. The Church has a basilical program with three naves and an apsis. Apse of the church is next to fortress wall. There is a five stepped brick synthronon in the apsis. On the west terminal of the church there are an esonarthex ( interior narthex ) and an exonarthex ( outer narthex ) that enclose the esonarthex at three sides. On the south eastern well-nigh corner of the esonarthex a chapel service is located next to east wall of exonarthex and south wall of nave. There is a cistern associated with the church on the West of exonarthex ( Figure 3, 4 ) . Brick and rubble rock had been used in rows in masonry of church.Figure 3. Partial program of the church composite ( WEB 2 )Figure 4. Nave of the churchThe church has been decorated with wall pictures which merely a little fragment is present. The most preserved pictures are located on the nathex walls, synthronon walls and trefoil planned infinite at the West of exonarthex ( Figure 5 ) .Figure 5. Wall painting fragments on the walls of a esonarthex, B nave, degree Celsius synthrononA infrastructure located under the apsis of the church was uncovered during 2012 diggings. This infinite can be reached through an arched gap on the eastern terminal of the north frontage of the church. The walls of the infrastructure were built with cut rock blocks. Brick was used for the building of the vault. At a ulterior period a brace of buttresses and arches were added for support of the vault ( Figure 6 ) . The vault of the infrastructure has been decorated with intensive wall pictures ( Figure 7 ) .Figure 6. full general position of the infrastructure. A from North to south, B from South to northFigure 7. Wall pictures on the vault of the infrastructure2. BaAYpAnarMount Nif is located on the E of Azmir Bay. It is bordered with KemalpaAYa lowland on the North, Karabel well on the E and TorbalA lowland on the E. Former name of the Mount Nif was Olympos. Although there are many ruins of different civilizations dated from the eight century BC to the 13 century AD, most of them are from Hellenistic and Byzantine periods ( Tulunay 2008 ) .The first Archaeological diggings began in 2006 in Mount Nif. Excavations continues on four different colonies which are Karamattepe, BallAcaoluk, DaAYkAzAl ca and BaAYpAnar ( Figure 8 ) . An antediluvian colony which was used as cemetery at Hellenic period in Karamattepe, munition walls in BallAcaoluk, a cemetery in DaAYkAzAlca and a Byzantine composite in BaAYpAnar was discovered ( Tulunay 2008 ) .KaramattepeBallAcaolukDaAYkAzAlcaBaAYpAnarFigure 8. Excavation countries of Nif ( Olympus ) Mountain Research and Excavation visit ( WEB 3 )Figure 9. General position of BaAYpAnar ChurchBaAYpAnar is located on the southeasterly incline of Mount Nif. Excavations on BaAYpAnar began in 2007 as a portion of Nif ( Olympus ) Mountain Research and Excavation Project under the supervising of Prof.Dr. Elif Tul Tulunay ( Astanbul University ) .Ruins on BaAYpAnar is a Byzantine composite of twain next churches and a chapel located on the South of churches ( Figure 9 ) . The church on the North ( Building A ) is a three aisled basilica with a apsis which is round from inside and polygonal from exterior ( Tulunay 2012 ) . The church is 20*17 m in dime nsion. The church on the South ( Building B ) has a cross-in-square program with three round apsiss ( YalcAn 2011a ) . There is a open synthronon in the cardinal apsis. Narthex is located on the West of churches.Figure 9. Aerial Photograph of Church compositeBrick and rubble rock had been used in rows in masonry of churches ( Figure 10a ) . Although the floor covering of the churches was damaged by illegal diggings in some parts opus sectile covering is preserved ( Figure 10b ) . Constructing A had been decorated with intensive wall pictures which merely a little portion survived today ( Figure 10c, 10d ) . These pictures represent different edifice phases due to two different completing beds ( Figure 10e ) . Paintings are by and large cosmetic geometric bordures and conventionalized flowered designs. Harmonizing to the building technique, pallet and cosmetic features of pictures and features of the clayware covered through diggings the church composite is dated to Lascaris Period ( 13Thursdaycentury AD ) ( YalcAn 2011b ) .aBdegree Celsiussvitamin Dvitamin EFigure 10. General positions from BaAYpAnar Church. a brick and rubble rock rows in masonry, B spell sectile floor covering, c-d wall picture fragments, vitamin E plaster beds3. AigaiThe ancient metropolis of Aigai was located on Mount Gun at the 2 kilometer South of YunddaAYA Koseler Village in Manisa. Aigai was one of the 12 metropoliss of Aeolia founded by Aeolians migrated from Greece and settled in north-west Anatolia ( Strabon 2005 ) . Archaeological diggings indicate that the foundation of Aigai goes back to the first half of the 7th century BC ( DoAYer 2007 ) . Aigai make a base against Iranian laterality in 547 BC and maintained its independency. The metropolis had been dominated by the realm of Pergamon until 133 BC. After that Aigai had been dominated by Roman Empire. Aigai was abandoned due to Arabic foraies in 7th century AD. In 12 13th centuries the colony contunied as a little Byzantine f ortress on a limited country behind the Iron Gate ( Sezgin 2013 ) .Figure 11. Site program of Aigai ( Source Bohn and Schuchhardt 1889 )The first research on the Ancient metropolis was carried out by S. Reinach and W.M. Ramsay in 1881. The first diggings in Aigai was conducted by Gallic research worker M.A. Clerck in the summer of 1882. The most extended survey was conducted by Pergamon digging members R. Bohn and C. Scuchhardt ( Figure 11 ) ( Sezgin 2013 ) . Recent digging ( since 2004 ) in Aigai is carried out by a squad from Ege University Archaeology Department under the presidential term of Prof. Dr. Ersin DoAYer.Figure 12. Agora wall of AigaiFigure 13. Theatre of AigaiThe most of import constructions survived in Aigai are bouleterion, agora, theater, macellum, necropolis, cisterns, Tiberius Gate, Iron Gate and Byzantine Chapel ( Figure 12-13 ) .Byzantine Chapel is located near eastern metropolis wall on the field called the Iron Gate. The Chapel is a simple edifice with a rec tangular program ( 12.40*6.20m ) and a individual apsis ( Figure 14 ) . Due to the tomps on the nor-east corner of the apsis wall, it is apprehension that the edifice has served as a burial chapel for the little Christian community. Walls are constructed with spolia rock blocks on the outer parts and jumping brick and rock rack on the inner parts. Mud howitzer is used. Traces of lime plaster are observed on the interior sides of the walls. Byzantine coins and glassy claywares found in chapel during diggings prove that the edifice was in usage in 12 13Thursdaycenturies ( DoAYer and Sezgin 2012 ) .Figure 14. Byzantine ChapelMentionsAkdeniz, E. 2007. KadAkalesi KazAsA Miken BuluntularA ( Mycenaean Findings from the Excavations of KadAkalesi ) .Arkeoloji Dergisi1 35-70.Bohn, R. , Schuchhardt, C. 1889. Altertumer von Aigai. German capital Georg Reimer.DoAYer, E. 2007. Aigai 2004-2006 YAlA KazAlarA .In 29. KazA SonuclarA ToplantAsA I. 28 May-01 June 2007.DoAYer, E. Sezgin, Y. 2012. Ege Universitesi KazAlarA . Azmir Ege Universitesi.Mercangoz, Z. 2007. KuAYadasA , KadAkalesi KazAsA 2006 YAlA CalAAYmalarA .In 29. KazA SonuclarA ToplantAsA I.28 May- 01 June 2007.Ramsey, W.M. 1890.The Historical Geography of Asia Minor. London John MurrayStrabon. 2005.Antik Anadolu CoAYrafyasA Geographika. Astanbul Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayAnlarA .Sezgin, Y. 2013. Aioliste Bir DaAY Kenti Aigai.Trakya Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi3/5 95-116Tulunay, E.T. 2012. Smyrna ( Azmir ) YakAnlarAnda Bircok Kulturu BarAndAran DaAY Nif ( Olympos ) COLLOQUIUM ANATOLICUM XI81-99Tulunay, E.T, 2008. Nif ( Olympos ) DaAYA AraAYtArma Projesi 2007 YAlA KazAsA .In 30. UluslararasA KazA , AraAYtArma ve Arkeometri Sempozyumu, AnkaraYalcAn, A.B. 2011a. The Nif ( Nymphaion ) Mountain Project A late Byzantine Complex Discovered. A. Nikolov ( ed. ) , In the Proceedings of the 22neodymiumInternational Congress of Byzantine Studies, Sofia August 22-27.YalcAn, A. B 2011b The Nif Mountain Project The Byza ntine Complex at BaAYpAnar. , The International Scientific Conference Ecclesiastical History Today Recent Paradigms and New Approaches , 297-300. Moscow November 7-9.

American Religion: The Puritans and the Quakers

In the mid-1500s, England saw a forward-looking trend in the way people worshipped and dependable religion. The new movement c all in alled Puritanism, called for a life lived simply and spent in prayer, listening to sermons and worship in Church. The Puritans lived seriously and believed that celebrations such as holidays like Christmas and Easter as well as the arts like music and dance were unnecessary trappings to have in life. They believed that people should only be concerned intimately godly ways and plain living in order to reach heaven. This presented problems at that clock time for Queen Elizabeth.In those years, the queen was tasked with stabilizing the country and decided that to do this, England had to have a comprehensive Church that could accommodate the views of both the Protestants and the conservative Catholics (Emerson 18). Therefore, it was decided that the Church of England teach doctrines that would be acceptable to the Protestants and at the same time keep alive the Catholic traditions used in worship. The compromise did not quite sit well as hoped. The Puritans believed that in religious worship, only the spiritual doctrines were the only things that were important.All other external articles such as ministry vestments were not only unnecessary but could be taken as evil. The Conservatives however, defended the use of such vestments as traditional symbols of status and identification. Due to differences of opinion with regard to the way worship and the Episcopal structure is conducted in the Anglican Church, separatist and underground groups were formed with the physical object of seeking reform in the religious practices. Due to conflicts that usually arise where there is a difference of opinion, approximately Puritans decidedto leave England and settle in northerly America. It was in 1620 that the ship the Mayflower docked and the first Puritans came to settle in Massachusetts (Barbour, and Frost 5) One of the other Reformist gr oups was called the boosters. Unlike the Puritans, the Quakers believed that religious worship was a personal and individual thing that did not require any intermediary in the form of leaders, priests or ministers. Like the Puritans, the Quakers as well suffered the consequences of conflict and therefore some decided to migrate and settle in America as well.It was in 1677 that a group of Quakers led by William Penn set foot on coupling American soil and settled in the state of Pennsylvania. This settlement of opposing religious groups would have significant effect on the way religion is practiced and how other differing faiths would be handle. The Quakers held meetings were people gathered to sit quietly to reflect and pray in silence. They only spoke up when they feel God valued to, and this privilege was open to both men and women. They practiced their faith by action always looking out to help the poor and establish peace.They also campaigned for womens rights as well as tha t of the infixed Americans. Despite their similarities in terms of experience of persecution in England, subsequent emigration to America and ideals of a Utopia brought about by spiritual living, the fundamental beliefs of both groups differed thoroughly. Whereas the Puritans insisted on strict hierarchies, conformity to religion and the singular importance of doctrine, the Quakers propagated leeway for all religions and races. They supported pacifism in the seek for peace and equality with women in spiritualism.The Quakers also believed that doctrine takes second place to an individuals inner light. This kind of thinking angered the Puritans so much that any Quaker who was caught trying to preach in Massachusetts was either tortured or executed (Hall 130) Such was the treatment experienced by female Quaker preachers Ann capital of Texas and Mary Fisher (J angiotensin-converting enzymes, Sharpless, and Gummere 27) who tried to preach to the Puritan community in Boston in 1656. Up on arrival at Boston harbor, their luggage were seized and searched for heretical and aristocratic doctrines. The women themselves were taken to prison and stripped before being confined in total darkness. It was only later that the captain of the ship that brought them was compelled to take them back to Barbados. These all happened despite the lack of any law declaring being a Quaker as illegal. Governor Endicott who was away from Boston at that time even verbalise that had he been there, the women would never have been freed without some whipping. Later investigations as to why Boston was so hostile to the women revealIt must be said in the first place that the judgment of the officials, and particularly of the ministers, in the Massachusetts Colony had been seriously prejudiced by rumours and accounts that had preceded the arrival of the two women. Anti-Quaker pamphlets had already come from the advertize in great numbers, and they were unsparing in their accounts of the new h eresy. Some of these pamphlets were written by ministers who, either before or after the publication of their attack, were settled in New England and were in high repute there. (Jones, Sharpless, and Gummere 29)Modern studies also reveal that the Puritans believed that the Quakers brought with them discord, rebellion and witchcraft that threatened to undermine the sanctity of the Puritan community. Because the Quaker tenets were so remote to that of the Puritans, Quakers were viewed to represent a new spiritual empire that threatened to overthrow the spiritual empire which the Puritan in strict religious fervor was building. some other main difference between the Puritan and Quaker settlers was their treatment and dealings with the Native Americans.Due to their belief that every hu world being was born with the inner light, the Quakers treated the Native Americans as friends and equals. In his Letter to the Lenni Lenape Indians, William Penn states This great God has written his law in our hearts, by which we are taught and commanded to love and help and do trusty to one another, and not to do harm and mischief one unto another. I have great love and regard toward you, and I desire to win and succeed your love and friendship by a kind, just, and peaceable life and the people I send are of the same mind, and shall in all things behave themselves accordingly.And if in anything any shall offend you or your people, you shall have a full and speedy satisfaction for the same by an equal number of honest men on both sides, that by no means you may have just occasion of being offended against them. (Soderlund 88) The Puritans on the other hand, viewed the polytheistic and unorganized disposition of religion in addition to the inadequate clothing of the Native Americans as sinful. With their literal translation of the Bible, the Puritans viewed the Native Americans regard for everything living in addition to the one Great Spirit as idolatry.The Puritans also believed that only a select group of people was chosen by God to join Him in heaven. The Native Americans believed that in all men, were equally good in the Great Spirits sight. The difference between the Puritan and Native American view of sin didnt help either. maculation the Puritans looked at man as evil, and life was only a temporary transit before the more important and worthy life with God, the Native Americans believed that man was made up of both good and evil and that life in the present was no different from the afterlife.(Culture encounter The Puritans and the Native Americans) Both the beliefs fostered by the Puritans and the Quakers contributed greatly to ideals of America as it is today. The value of hard work, discipline and steadfastness promoted by the Puritans in conjunction with the equality and emancipation brought by the Quaker attitude of tolerance for race, gender and religion, are just a few contributing factors that has made America society the way it is today. Works Cited Barbour, Hugh, and J.William Frost. The Quakers. New York Greenwood Press, 1988. Questia. 18 Sept. 2007 . Culture Clash The Puritans and the Native Americans. 123HelpMe. com. 18 Sep 2007 . Emerson, Everett. Puritanism in America, 1620-1750. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1977. Questia. 18 Sept. 2007 . Hall, Thomas Cuming. The Religious Background of American Culture.Boston Little, Brown, and Company, 1930. Questia. 18 Sept. 2007 . Jones, Rufus M. , Isaac Sharpless, and Amelia M. Gummere. The Quakers in the American Colonies. London Macmillan, 1911. Questia. 18 Sept. 2007 . Soderlund, Jean.. ,Handwritten Letter to the Indians (Lenni Lenape) William Penn and the Founding of Pennsylvania, a Documentary History. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983

Integration – Teamwork

Integration Teamwork The first step toward peaceful common creation in a multicultural country is integration. It laughingstock easily happen that immigrants end up isolated, unable to take part in their new society. This is a problem for both the immigrants and the country they have come to. By not participating they are not doing anything for the countrys benefit, and the people of said country may offshoot asking themselves if they are not taking part, why should they be taken care of?They may fall a flair from the system, not getting any of the advantages, and at the same eon missing their opportunity to raise their voices and do anything ab bulge their situation. It all ends up as a downward spiral that occupys integration, and thereby alike improvement, more and more difficult. Integration is therefore something that has to start happening right away. The first step to integration is often said to be moderateing the diction of the country, and I think this makes a lot of sense. A language prohibition is a gigantic barrier, as communication is essential in almost all(prenominal) situation.But how can we make this happen? Would it be a solution that all immigrants attend language classes in their new country? If you compare a multicultural country to a group of people with completely different personalities, values and ideas stuck together in one tiny house for an extended period of time, it is simply that difficult to imagine that problems are departure to arise eventually they pass on find something to argue about. Now this skill sound negative, save it is, in fact, not. Arguing, if unploughed on a reasonable level, is how you become fully aware of your own meanings and views.You may crack to see things from a different perspective, and sometimes the argument brings out new ideas that can lead to solutions. This is part of the reason I believe that migration can only be a good thing, as it makes us learn new things through our differenc es. (Of course, the types of issues deriving from migration do differ quite drastically from the types of issues that the members of the hundreds of reality shows we have nowadays have got to deal with, but that also meaning that the things we learn from them are different as well, and if I may say so, also infinitely more giving. It is not that long ago that we found the tout ensemble idea of sharing, mixing and just getting to know the rest of the world somewhat frightening. We were not very good at it, and wanted everything to stay the way it was. The modern world takes pride in being open and new-thinking however, and the word on everyones lips is diversity. Yes, diversity and sharing our cultures are wonderful things that we should definitely learn to appreciate more, but through our fear of racism we are making it almost impossible to state the fact that there are actually going to be some changes for you if you move to a new country.Of course you do not have to give up on y our own culture, of course you can still speak your mother tongue, of course we want diversity. But what we sometimes forget to mention is that you truly cant speak only your mother tongue in your new country and that you will have to get in touch with the culture of this new country as well as keeping your own. If you really want your new country to actually be your new country and to seize you as a part of it, then you will have to accept the fact that if you want your country to be multicultural, you will have to be a bit multicultural yourself.Learning a new language does not efface your own language from your brain, getting to know a new culture does not mean you have to let go of your own values, just as making new friends does not mean you can never speak to your old ones again. It is a matter of expanding rather than replacing. However, no relationships are ever one-sided. there has to be will and effort from both sides for it to work. This means that for integration to work smoothly, both the country and the immigrants have to do their best to make it so.It is much easier for us to say that all immigrants must learn the language right away than it is for the immigrants to learn a whole new language in no time at all. If the attending of language classes are to be made compulsory, then the immigrants should be given the means to do so. It can hardly be anticipate that they should have the money for language classes at the ready right after they have arrived in a new country. Many of them are moving in order to start up a new life, and being forced to pay for language classes before they have started working is not going to ease in any way.The fact that they will have a much easier time finding a job after the language classes does not garter if they are already bankrupt before they have begun the search for a job. If the country would be willing to pay for the language classes however, that would be a huge benefit for the immigrants. It would a lso pay itself off for the country in many cases, once the new citizens start working. Though that does not mean that all immigrants will see and understand the necessity and the advantages of such classes, which would make the whole project a waste.This leads me to another important aspect of successful integration communication mingled with the country and the immigrants. Communication is alship canal present in a healthy relationship, the relationship between country and immigrant being no exception. Now one might wonder how there can be communication about the necessity of learning the language before the immigrants learn the language, but there are ways to get this done. It is simply another matter of will and effort, once again from both sides rather than one.A relationship where only one part is trying to make things work is a doomed relationship. With this said, we can not blame only either immigrant or country if integration is not working, and we can not say the responsi bility of making integration possible to only either immigrant or country. Yes, it is a definite benefit for the process of integration if the immigrant makes an effort to learn the language, but it can not really be as simply put as all immigrants should learn the language of their new country.No matter how much effort you put in, you will not be able to become a part of something if that something is not willing to accept you. It is like one of those help oneself me help you-cases, if I may put it that simply, and I believe it is also know to be called teamwork. Once this first barrier, which is nothing but a barrier in the way of thinking, is overcome, all the other barriers standing in the way of integration will become a lot less insuperable.

The Religious Symbolism and Architecture of Angkor Wat and Borobudur

Built by the Khmers in the midst of 802 and 1220 AD, the ancient tabernacles of Angkor Wat exist as the remaining relics of a historically and sacredly rich city. While many other(a) historical and religious structures in Cambodia have disappe ard due in part from being constructed out of vulnerable materials alike wood, Angkor Wat still remains as a symbol of the divinity of its former kings, as well as for the palace itself. Likewise, Indonesias Borodubur temples exist as the single remaining structures of the city.The temples of Angkor Wat and Borodubur go for several similarities within architecture and symbolism, both being heavily meanspiritedd on religious belief. However, different features within both structures, architecturally and symbolically, distinguish and provide insight into the individual cultures. Significance of Hinduism, Astronomy, and Cosmology In Angkor Wat Architecture With Hinduism serving as the prevailing religion of Cambodia, the temples of Angkor Wat serve as a visual bridge between the erratic plane and the spiritual one.The temples of Ankgor Wat uses architectural features in order represent various ideas of Hindu Cosmology The walls, moats, central sanctuary, entrances, pyramidal temples and bridges with naga balustrades, and memorials such as the Neak Pean, or Bayon, all contribute to the re-creation of the heavenly world on Earth. By re-creating this, Earth and the heavenly world atomic number 18 entwined creating a bond between the cardinal worlds that allows humanity to flourish. In constructing Angkor Wat to represent religious beliefs, the Khmer people literally built heaven on Earth.By creating a tangible representation of what is believed to have happened in the noncurrent, the past becomes more real and more concrete to viewers and believers alike. In order to honor the Hindu God Vishnu, Suryavaram II built Angkor Wat during the early years of the twelfth century, around 1150 B. C. Structurally, the central building of Angkor Wat is serves as a re-creation of Mount Meru, the mountain that the center of the Jambudvipa within Hindu cosmology as well as being considered the axis of the Earth by the Hindu religion.The central mammoth of a tower represents Mount Meru, and uniquely faces west or else of east towards the cheerrise, as all other temples do. Several theories explain why the temple faces west the first theory being that the west is associated with Vishnu. In facing the temple west, the temple continues to serve as a means of honoring Vishnu. The second theory states that King Suryavarman intended Angkor Wat to serve as his funerary temple while a the third theory explains that the reorientment of the central tower with the sun adds another dimension to the divinity of the temple.Ankgor Wats architecture does not only exhibit its religious roots, but also displays the importance of astronomy and cosmology. It contains calendrical, historical, and mythological data encoded into its measurements. Because solar movement regulates the position of the bas-reliefs, the architecture exhibits the importance of the sun to the Cambodians. The Cambodians built the structure of Angkor Wat to align directly with the sun during the spring equinox, where the sun can be seen rising over the central tower. Although no concurrent reason exists as to why the sun is so important to the Cambodians, what can be utter is that the sun was so significant to the Cambodians, that they not only based their calendar on the solar and lunar cycles, but they constructed their Kings palace, a place of great importance that connects the heavens with Earth, to align with the sun. The fiver central towers of Ankgor Wat that stand 77 meters tall hold religious significance as well. These five inter-nested rectangular towers represent five peaks of the mountain Meru.Also, the moat surrounding the central temple that measures 190 meters wide symbolizes the cosmic ocean that existed before the dawn of creation, and the enclosing wall represents the rock encircling the universe. Creating a replication of Mount Meru, enclosing walls as the wall of rock, and the moat make full with water as the ocean serves as the essential architectures for the Cambodians to re-create and symbolize their Hindu religious beliefs. Decorative elements through with(predicate) out the towers and galleries present their own characteristics and suffer specific needs within the temple.The towers are formed into the shape of the ever-popular lotus buds, and the galleries are used to expand the many passageways of the temple. Also, the axial galleries within the temple are used to connect several enclosures. Characteristic decorative components of Angkor Wat include narrative and historical bas-reliefs, pediments, and devatas. The bas-reliefs located in the drift of Angkor Wat holds a special signification for Angkor Wat. The gallery displays heaven and the underworld in which garudas and lio ns are holding the celestial palaces.These gerudas indicate that the palaces were floating in heaven, comparing Angkor Wat to the palaces of the Gods. This display furthers the idea that Angkor Wat acts as a liason between the world of Heaven and Earth. Because the palace physically remains on earth but spiritually resides within heaven, the palace acts as communal place for believers to gather. The bas-reliefs and pictures did not only serve to apparel the palaces, or depict stories of the past. They hold the important task of transforming the palace into a celestial dwelling or heavenly place.Further attest to support this notion is the fact that many scenes are hidden to the point where they cannot even be seen by the naked eye. This highlights the spirituality of the place, that spirituality is not unavoidably tangible or seen. In hiding the bas-reliefs, or making them subtler in the overall construction of the temple, furthers the idea that the palace is not meant to be just a place of beauty, but also a place of divinity. Candi Borobudur Layout Unlike Angkor Wat, Buddhism more heavily influences Borobudur.Built in Indonesia in the 9th century as a shrine to Buddha as well as a pilgrimage site for believers, Borobudur consists of six square platforms topped with four circular platforms. Nearly 2. 700 relief panel and 500 statues of Buddha decorate the temple. Additionally, 72 Buddha statues surround the center of the top platform of the monument. As a pilgrimage site, Pilgrims climb from the bottom of the monument, ascending to the top. While on their voyages, they are said to pass two three levels of Buddhist cosmology, or three stages of Buddhist enlightenment the Kamadhatu, Ruppadhatu, and Arupadhatu.These levels represent the world of desire, the world of forms and the world of formlessness. Borobudur differs from Angkor Wat in that is constructed as a single, large stupa, with no inner space. It is the single remaining temple of its kind in Java, and is more than likely intended as a shrine to Buddha, instead of temple or house of worship. Typical Buddhist temples were built with retinue, intended to possess icons Borobudur does not have the same amount of space or rooms to properly house icons, suggesting that the purpose of Borobudur differs from the other temples of Java.Various theories exist to explain the purpose behind Burobudur and architecture. It has been said that Borobudur represents Mt. Meru, that it contains three levels of Buddhist enlightenment, that the round upper terraces were meant to form the base for an enormous stone stupa which contained a precious relic of Gautama Buddha, or that Borobudur was simply a stupa or for initiation rights. Religious Symbolism in Borobudur Architecture alike to the uniqueness of Angkor Wat facing the west, Borobudur is unique as well, for it was constructed on a bedrock hill, between two volcanoes, instead of on a flat surface like other temples.Similarly to the Khmer temp le, Borobudur also displays several variations of religious significance throughout the architecture. The lotus is prevalent in the architectural and decorative aspects of the shrine. The architecture of Borobudur is similar the appearance of a lotus and the Buddha statues within Borobudur symbolize the Lotus Sutra, which is found in several Mahayana Buddhism texts. Additionally, the four circular platforms located on the top of Borobudur are also considered to actualise the leaf of a lotus.The foundation of Borobudur measures approximately 118 meters on each side, in the form of a square. Of the ten platforms that make up the structure six are square and the remaining four are circular. The highest platform exhibits seventy-two small bell shaped and decoratively pierced stupas. Statues of Buddha reside within these pierced stupas. When Borobudur is viewed from above, the monument resembles the appearance of a tantric Buddhist mandala, furthering the representation of the Buddhist cosmology.The division of Borobudur into three parts, the base, body, and top, symbolizing the three stages of what Buddhist cosmology considers the ultimate goal. The base represents the Kamadhatu, the five square platforms the make up the body represent Rupadhatu, and the three circular platforms that compose the top represent Arupadhatu . Similarly, the paths that guide pilgrims to the ultimate goal were designed through sacred Buddhist knowledge, based on Buddhist cosmology. Comparable to Ankgor Wat, Borobudur possessed exact measurements that possibly indicate calendrical, astronomical and cosmological themes.The exact ratio traffic pattern 469 has also been discovered in the Pawon and Mendhut, two other neighboring Buddhist temples. The monument further represents cosmology because it can be concluded that the 360 squares that surround the central square of the monument symbolize the 36o degrees of the celestial circle that surrounds the Earth. However, details of the Buddh ist dodge details vary from those of Hinduism origins, although the Buddhist systems temples also focus on the idea of a central mountain that represents Meru.

Huaneng Essay

Per capita beer consumption of Peru assumed to triple over 10 course of study time and matching global standards of 72 litres by terminal year.Income elasticity (0.498) incorpo rambled into model as a lever of GDP Growth ( proxy for beer growth potential)This is multiplied with assumed increase of 3x in per capita beer intake to arrive at a macro economical proxy of 7.49%We subtract the given lever with CPI Index ( pompousness metric) factoring in assumed 5% price growth in beer * Negetive Price Elasticity( -1.676) arriving at net macro economic proxy= 6.89%CASH give ear GROWTH RATE-II cash in flow growth taken as function of both fast growing macro economic factors + company specific performanceCompany Specific Growth RateHistoric EBITDA growth say given in case =52.4% ( 50.4 mn USD(02) 31.69 mn USD(01) The rate is normalized and reduced gradually with power of 5% decrease to arrive at terminal value growth rate of 2.39%( To account for rising estimated aspiration locally and South American Brewery industry and unfavourable govt policy)Terminal Value Growth Rate = make of long term Peru growth rate* Industry Beta Cash flow growth rate arrived for first 10 years6.89%( Macro-economic proxy)+ 21.6% ( Company specific revenue growth) The arrived growth rate is accounted for a inflation of 2.5% assumed. Final cash flow growth rate used in DCF Model= 25.5%DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW MODEL( All figures in USD Mln)QUESTION 1(b)Can you think of an alternative way to value Backus base on the information of the case?Explain how you would do it, what the value would be and how it would differ from the DCF results. copulation valuation -I( Data Source-Exhibit 16)- All figures in USD MlnApproach-1 Price/Sales MethodFirst we get the comparable conspiracyAmerican targets and compute theaverage P/Sales eight-fold. ( 2.12)We multiply average P/S multiplewith Company Sales (137.19) toarrive at market determined FirmValue ( 290.82 USD Mln)Dividing by estimate of open class Ashares(87.2 mln), we eventually arriveat a Share price of 3.35 USDRELATIVE VALUATION-II( Data Source-Exhibit 16) All figures in USD MlnApproach-2 EV/EBITDA Method First we get the comparable southAmerican targets and compute theaverage EV/Ebitda multiple. ( 11.8)We multiply average EV/EBITDAmultiple with Company EBITDA(50.47) to arrive at marketdetermined Firm Value ( 596.81USD Mln)Dividing by number of open class Ashares(87.2 mln), we finally arriveat a Share price of 6.84 USDRELATIVE VALUATION- A RECAPWe find our authorized RV approach using (EV/EBITDA) & (P/S) Method returning a firm value less than that of DCF Method. loaded VALUE

John Locke Short Introduction Essay

John Locke, who is widely known as the Father of Liberalism, is a great writer, philosopher and physician of the 17th century. He was born on 29 deluxe 1632 and died on 28 October 1704 when he was 72. He was baptized on the same day as he was born. He was a gifted man and David Hume once described him as wrote like a water-drinking local anaesthetic councilor, his style ungainly, his idioms commercial, his imagination puritanical, his humor labored, his purposes wholly practical. As he is a talented thinker and uses contrary posts to see and think on certain things, he revolutionized the Theory of Mind to the world in his masterpiece, An attempt Concerning Human Understanding. On the other hand, he also developed the idea of liberty among pile in society. His contri butions to the world are incredible as his ideas of social contract and state of nature displace the theoretical foundation of the Constitutions of the United States of America.In Lockes life, he came from a very i ntelligent and secretive Baptist family that gave him a good education and took him to a good school Christ Church, Oxford. Though he analyse medicine but not philosophy or other critical thinking courses, he met striking people (e. g. Robert Boyle, doubting Thomas Wills) who inspired him immensely in every perspective. One eminent scholar was Thomas Sydenham, who imposed a huge impact on the idea of how man accumulates knowledge. Thanks to Sydenham, Locke wrote one of his storied works An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.Thomas Sydenham gave advice to Locke in treating Shaftesburys liver crab louse. Locke realized in the file of Shaftesbury that knowledge in a book could be different from the circumstances Locke was facing. Hence, he brocaded the pivotal question in his essay Is the foundation of knowledge based on theory or experience? This essay stimulated several fresh ideas to philosophers in the 17th century. One of the famous philosophers who were greatly influenc ed by Locke was David Hume, who described John Locke as a magnificent man.After Shaftesbury survived from the liver cancer, he became shaper Chancellor and led Locke to be involved in the field of politics. In the political struggle of Shaftesbury, Locke assisted him by writing another famous work Two Treatises of Government. It is believed that the ideas mentioned in the essay were influenced by Hobbes thinking, but Locke never referred or mentioned the name of Hobbes. Locke countered the asseverations raised by Hobbes in the book of Leviathan that everyone is living in terror and war of every man against every man.Locke raised a counter statement that everyone is created equally and everyone in society has rights to fight for their life, freedom and property. To accomplish it, we shall hold together and grant greater power to protect ourselves. This also explains how civilization works. The original purpose of this piece is an argument to attack Shaftesburys opponents (supporte rs of Absolute Monarchy). However, the ideas of natural rights and a new reformation of government mentioned inside the essay are recognized as the most influential ideas on the political system in the 17th century.The basis of liberty was widely used by the founding fathers of the United States of America to write the American Declaration of emancipation and the Constitutions. The influences of John Locke did not just stop in the 17th century. They silent last today. Every snip we hear about liberty and freedom, the basis of these concepts had been defined by Locke clearly. Besides, the issue of free religion which is still discussed nowadays was also originated by Locke. The theory of religious gross profit margin was one of the most controversial ideas during Lockes lifetime.In this perspective, some(prenominal) historians even regarded the European War as the war between religions. In some statements made by Locke, he argued man knowledge was possibly false unless there w as definite proof. By the same token, he considered that religion, which did not have clear proof, was possibly false. Because of this, religious tolerance was necessary. Religious tolerance is still being debated nowadays and it has greatly changed the outlook of modern society after this idea was promulgated. Lockes life was a legend.He was born in a Baptist family and his writings are full of elements tie in to Christianity. From the statement of All men are created equally, it clearly shows Lockes belief in the perspective of equality. Besides, he was also greatly influenced by the idea of knowledge. He questioned the fundamental of knowledge and questioned whether knowledge is accredited as always. I believe he wrote such ideas because of his experience in the treatment of Shaftesburys cancer that led him to start questioning that the things he had learned from the medical books were not really practical.Instead, to him, they were much more proper to be described as imaginar y notions. From this perspective, he was inspired to write the essay concerning human understanding. Besides, Locke also influenced the world and created waves of revolutionary ideas in many fields. The great philosophers Voltaire and Rousseau were deeply inspired by Lockes theories. Ultimately, Locke Father of Liberalism was not simply a gifted person born to be the father of liberalism, but also because of circumstances, situations which he encountered in his life to make him the father of liberalism.

Portfolio: Big five Personality Traits and Oliver P. John Essay

1. IntroductionThe purpose of this portfolio is to reflect on my brings and learnings whilst studying BSB124- Working in Business, particularly what I have learnt about my Intrapersonal and social competencies. I will explore my personality trains through the ingestion of the Big Five memorandum (BFI), and par presume how they can be beneficial/detrimental to my future career goal.2. IntrapersonalIntrapersonal effectiveness is defined as sagaciousness yourself (and your goals, strengths, weaknesses, style, biases) and improving self- fudgement skills, such as time management and stress management (De Janasz, Wood, Gottschalk, Dowd and Schneider 2006, p. 3).2.1 The Big Five InventoryThe Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a personality assessment tool, which has five dimensions including Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and psychoneurosis (Costa and McCrae, 1992). Research has been conducted to explain how people with varying levels of these traits will perform inwardly the exerciseplace. Research conducted, shows that conscientiousness and excited stability are positively cor tie in with assembly line performance in virtually all jobs (Anderson and Viswesvaran 1998 Barrick and raise 1991 Salgado 1997 Tett et al. 1991), extraversion has been be to be related to job performance in occupations where interactions with others are a portentous portion of the job (Barrick and Mount 1991 Mount et al. 1998), agreeableness is said to be positively associated to ratings of police squadwork, and openness to experience has been positively related to training performance (Barrick and Mount 1991 Salgado 1997).As you will contain in extension 1, I am luxuriouslyest in agreeableness, followed by extraversion then openness to experience, with my lowest ratings being conscientiousness and neuroticism. These results are important, as I limit myself working as a reality Relations vox for a large, internationalist corporation within the next five (5) to ten (10) years ( likeably for a brotherly love organisation such as Ronald McDonald HouseCharities).My personality shew scores indicate that I am sympathetic, modest, straightforward, sociable, enthusiastic, imaginative, confident and even-tempered however, I am not very thorough, and there is definitely room for benefit with my organizational skills (Costa and McCrae 1992). According to the handbook of personality (Oliver P. John et al.), being high in extraversion intend that I very sociable and am suitable for positions of leadership.This is relevant to my long-run career goal, as search conducted on seek.com shows that leadership qualities as nearly as social/networking skills, are valuable within the Public relations industry (see Appendix 2 for job advertisements). Further research into the requirements of obtaining a position within the Public Relations industry would indicate that task and goal directed behaviour as well strong organizational skil ls are required. These qualities are reconciled with the personality trait of conscientiousness. As mentioned previously, my personality test scores indicate that conscientiousness is an area in which has room for improvement.I feel that my personality compose reflects many strengths as well as weaknesses, especially in terms of my possible workplace performance. As mentioned throughout this section, I am high in agreeableness and extraversion, and low in conscientiousness. These results are consistent with my experiences within BSB124, especially throughout the group presentation, as I call back that I did a mature job in motivating my team and helping others. Although our overall grade was a six (6), I feel that we would have achieved better results had I organized my time appropriately and practiced my part of the barbarism more thoroughly (I did the introduction, and had to start over as I had lost my place roughly 30 (30) seconds in).As mentioned previously, I intend on obtaining a position within a large international organisation. I believe that my low level of conscientiousness will hinder my success in this environment, and therefore, see it as an area that I can focus on to further my professional development. I believe that my high level of agreeableness and openness to experience will be helpful,especially as I will be working with a wide variety of people from all kinds of backgrounds/nationalities.A high level of agreeableness means that I will work well in a team environment (Oliver P. John et al.) and a high level of openness to experience suggests that I am voluntary to learn and try new things (Oliver P. John et al.). This is significant when working with people from different cultures, I dont know how to word this, I am trying to say that I may see something as conventional however, someone with a different background will see it as strange- hence I will need to be able to adapt my methods when working overseas.2.2 Learning goal and related activityI intend to develop a number of competencies associated with conscientiousness- mainly organisation, but also self-discipline. I will do this by setting myself S.M.A.R.T goals (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound). The development of these competencies will help me to achieve my long-term career goal.3. InterpersonalInterpersonal effectiveness is defined as the ability to manage contest, to build and manage high-performance teams, to conduct efficient meetings, to coach and counsel employees, to provide negative feedback in constructive ways, to catch others opinions, and to motivate and energize employees (Whetten & Cameron 2011, p.130).3.1 Self-perception InventoryA team is not a bunch of people with job titles, but a congregation of individual(a)s, each of whom has a role which is understood by other members. Members of a team seek out certain roles and they perform well-nigh effectively in the ones that are most natural to them (Belbin, 1981).The Self-perception Inventory (SPI) was created to give individuals a simple means of assessing their best team roles (Belbin, 1981). It is difficult to work effectively with people without some reasonable expectations of howthey are going to perform. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the SPI makes each individual aware of their preferred role when working in teams. This then allows them to focus on their strengths and improve on their weakness.During his research, Meredith found that each of the behaviours were essential in getting the team successfully from start to finish. The key was balance. For example, Meredith Belbin found that a team with no Plants struggled to come up with the initial spark of an idea with which to push forward. However, at once too many Plants were in the team, bad ideas concealed good ones and non-starters were given too much airtime. Similarly, with no Shaper, the team ambled along without drive and direction, missing deadlines. With to o many Shapers, in-fighting began and morale was lowered.A Summary of my SPI results is in Appendix 3. Results of the SPI indicate that my two preferred team roles are Shaper and Company Worker. A maker can be defined as someone who has a drive and readiness for challenge, can hand under pressure and is seen as a leadership figure however, they can be prone to provocation and can be seen as rude and impatient (Belbin, 1981). A Company Worker is someone who is clayey working, self-disciplined, organized and practical, but be seen as inflexible and unresponsive (Belbin 1981). I believe that these results are an absolute reflection of my personality, and are consistent both with my experiences within BSB124 as well as within the workplace. I will need to focus on my weaknesses, as addressed through the SPI, should I wish to be successful in both university and future career development. As with my intrapersonal learning goals, I will use S.M.A.R.T goals to address the weaknesses a bove.My results from Belbins inventory, combined with my personality profile, and work experience suggests that, in groups I am in all probability to engage in a confrontational interlocking resolution style. Research indicates that Asian cultures tend to prefer non-confrontational conflict styles, and as a result tend to react defensively when confronted in conflict situations (Rahim & Blum Ting-Toomey et al., 1991). As I hope to work in a large, international organisation in the future and it is likely I will be dealing with individuals from Asian cultures, I therefore need to adjust my conflictstyle accordingly. Thus, again using the SMART goals specified in section 2.2, I envisage that a more agreeable, empathetic nature will help me engage in more appropriate conflict resolution styles when necessary.3.2 SPARK analysis

Education Analysis Paper

The popular notion of what its like to teach in urban America is predominate by two extremes (Michie, 1999, p. xxi). Gregory Michie succeeds admirably in r finaleering his principle experiences in the complicated reality among two extremes in his book Holler If You Hear Me The Education of a Teacher and His Students. Many pack hear nigh the horror stories, portrayed by the media mainly, that schools in urban America ar cipher short of chaos uneducated and uninterested kids. Then there are other stories that are rarely heard of, about the one teacher who makes the difference in much(prenominal) a school.Michies tarradiddle in his book skillfully avoids the simplification either extreme would demand. Holler if You Hear Me touches on a variety of the fundamental ch in allenges of teaching classroom discipline, teacher frustration, racial and ethnic differences, savant apathy, relationships with students and with other teachers, and the controversy goes on. Throughout the boo k, Michie balances his tales of struggle with moments of joyous success. Not surprisingly, the successes are often related to the development of deeper inter- base communications between teacher and student.This aspect is so detrimental to the knowledgeal system. As teachers we need to make that connection with our students. To not do so would be taking away from their experience as a student as surface as ours as teachers. Isnt this why we teach to begin with? This goal may search utmost considering you lose to add on top of curriculum, standards, rowdy students, the personal connection of teacher and student. It may chequerm this way, nevertheless if its not set, then everything else does not definem worth the trouble at all.Esme Codell states my beliefs on this topic beautifully The goal is not necessarily to succeed but to keep trying, to be the physique of person who has ideas and sees them through (Codell, 1999, p. 5). I may not succeed in reaching every student I te ach, but if the effort is made on my part, if I set this goal and try to see it through, then at least I enjoy I did not give up. There are so many situations that Michie was in where I felt he should just let it go, dont try because its not going to pass out, especially so in the story where Reggie was attacked by a local police officer, but he didnt (Michie, 1999, p. 46). As I was thinking about this, I wouldnt have gone through the trouble of seeing this man brought to justice, although in the end he wasnt. Michie wasnt even there, but he knew if something wasnt done, this would affect the way Reggie grew up and viewed life. It is this charitable of dedication that inspires me to keep going to classes and writing papers. I want to help students to see our world in a different light. Joel Spring stated in his book, American Education, the school will continue to be used in efforts to solve social, political, and economic problems (Spring, 2004).The purpose of public schooling i s to prepare todays children for tomorrows problems. It is important not only to teachers and students, but also to the community as a whole. If the communities where these children are being raised see the teachers that teach their kids rattling do care, the implications are endless. Things could change, especially so for urban American communities. I know these are high hopes, but again, if I dont set them, how will I even begin to see them through. Being a teacher way of life I must strive to connect with my students.I have to see beyond my basic responsibilities as a teacher and bring the students to the fore-front of my life. It is the little moments of success that will bring such a connection to our relationships with our students. Its a teachable moment that got away, just one of many that Ive knowingly let slip through my fingers (Michie, 1999, p. 102). Michie presents his victories with a genuine modesty that comes from the experience of other, less effective teaching mo ments, but these moments are not always successful. Michies reported mistakes and difficulties are some of the most instructive part of the book.As a prospective teacher, I have to understand the reality of life that not all teachable moments are going to be seen through. Sometimes they are lost and Michie has opened my eyes to such an existence. The only difference is that I hope I do not knowingly allow this to happen. At times, though, I wanted to hear even more introspection from the author about the reasoning tardily his actions or why he thinks a particular moment worked well or did not work at all. It was frustrating when there was no follow up on something as important as a teachable moment being lost (Michie, 1999, p, 102).It is apathy such as this that makes going into the teaching field frustrating. The Corridor of Shame is a prime example of a cold detachment of interest. Nobody unfeignedly cares for the students who live out there along the highway, but who is suffer ing? The students are. Do people even know whats going on in our state? I didnt until I watched this film. What kind of subject is this sending to our nation? Whats behind the motives of leaving schools such as these left out to snap off? Politics? Hidden agendas? Who knows? What is important is that we ask these questions and put forth an effort to comment the answers.We need to find out why teachers, administrators, parents, etc. allow schools to be lost. Essentially these schools are if you think about it. A school that is neglected is an entire lifetime of teachable moments being lost. Holler If You Hear Me contains powerful stories of Michies first years as a teacher in public elementary and middle schools on Chicagos South Side. Each chapter begins with a story told by Michie, followed by the reflections of one of his designer students who were at the fore-front of each story.Michies purpose in this alternating format is to shed light on the education of a teacher and to a llow space for my students to speak their minds, tell their stories, raise their voices (Michie, 1999, p. xxi). I really enjoyed these first-person reflections because it made Michies students come alive for me regardless of how insightful and caring the authors descriptions king be. It was different and refreshing. As I was reading this book, I was able to empathize as well as sympathize with both teacher and student. This type of narration allowed me to see past the words written and see the person behind the font.Since Michies book does not follow one classroom or group of students throughout its entirety, the student reflections serve to deepen my understanding of certain students but also to encourage me to approve about the future lives of each student that Michie mentions. This part was actually where I was disappointed. I felt that I was left hanging, there was no resolution. Some of the stories did not need this, but I felt that if he thought the students story was signif icant enough to be talked about, then he should have let us readers have a clue as to how they ended up.Michies concern for and allegiance to his students shines in Holler If You Hear Me, and his questioning, wonderment, frustration, passion, and humor pulled me along this journey of embodied education. Michie was in fact the miracle-worker that no one hears about in a world where chaos is synonymous with life in ecumenical for those who went to school in urban Chicago. Although he lived in such extreme realities, his ability to clearly uncover his experiences in no way was diminished in his book.While many of the issues raised are familiar, Michies book is one of ordinary inspiration that will appeal to both teachers and students. Works Cited Codell, E. (1999). Educating esme Diary of a teachers first years. In A. S. Canestrari & B. A. Marlowe (Eds. ) Educational foundations An anthology of critical readings (pp. 3-7). Sage manations. Michie, G. (1999). Holler if you hear me Th e education of a teacher & his students. New York Teachers College Press. Documentary from class Corridors of Shame Handout from class Joel Spring The Purposes of Public Schooling

Lord of the Flies: The Evil of Human Nature Essay

However Simon thought of the puppet, there rose before his secret sight the picture of a human at once heroic and sick(Golding 128). This quote from William Goldings novel, Lord of the fly, effectively suggests that human beings are evil which is also the main theme of the novel. In the novel, the major characters at the shutting reward Goldings negative view of human spirit.Golding provides his view of human nature very early in the novel. The island on which the boys land is described as a paradise with a variety of flora and fauna. Upon the boys landing, the thermionic tube carrying the boys causes a scar on the island. The intensity of the oddment caused by the scar is described All fill out him the long scar smashed into the jungle was a bath of heat(Golding 11). However, the destruction does not stop there. Later, the boys arouse down a large part of the island as a result of their carelessness. Here, Golding shows that humans cause destruction however if they did no t mean to. He is almost suggesting that causing destruction is second nature to us humans. At the end of the novel, the destruction comes full circle when elevate tribe burns down the entire island. The presence of the boys has bring to passly changed the island from a beautiful paradise to a charred wreckage.Goldings pessimistic view of human nature is further expanded with the issue of hunting. As the novel progresses, lift level of obsession with hunting continues to deepen until the very end of the novel. It is interesting to note that although the island has an abundance of fruits and the boys can easily catch fish and crab at the beach, Jack insists on hunting to express meat. Later on, he enjoys hunting as if it were a sportHis mind was crowded with memories memories of the knowledge that had come to them when they had outwitted a living thing, imposed their go away upon it, taken away its life like a satisfying drink(Golding 88).Jack hunts not with the sole intention to get meat, but he particularly enjoy exercising power over living creatures while hunting. This shows how a good deal Jack enjoys having power the power to control other beings. Throughout the novel, Jack does everything he can to invite the respect of the boys to gainsupport for power. Later when he most of the boys join his tribe, Jack takes genius goal step to secure his position as chief of his tribe. He goes as far as to dress his tribe to hunt and kill Ralph to eliminate the last threat to his position. Here, we can see that Jack has move from hunting pigs to hunting humans. Thus, this shows how savage and evil man can be as he hunts even his own kin. likewise, these examples also show that humans have an unquenchable thirst for power that if not controlled, will blind us and take over our soul.In the novel, Golding uses Jack and his tribe to illustrate the effects of complete freedom to man. by and by Jacks tribe is formed, the members are no longer referred to as boys but as savages with Jack as their Chief. This is a direct reference to the boys regression into a primitive state of being. Jacks tribe also performs several primitive practices that are usually attributed as savage. First of all, they paint their faces and bodies to overwhelm themselves while hunting pigs. Next, they perform brutal killing of pigsRoger found a lodgment point and began to crowd till he was leaning with his whole weight. The spear moved forward advance by inch and the terrifying squealing became a high-pitched scream. Then Jack found the throat and the hot bloodline spouted over his hands(Golding 168,169).Last of all, they give an offering, the pigs head, to the beast hoping it would not harm them. Thus, this shows that the boys do not understand the current nature of the beast. Their situation is similar to primitive man, who gave offerings to gods and idols to protect their own well-being from natural disasters they did not understand. It is during the presentment of the offering that Jack said Sharpen a hang at both(prenominal) ends (Golding 169). Obediently, Roger sharpens a stick and Jack skewers the pigs head on one end of the stick and places the other into the ground. This statement is repeated once more at the end of the novel.When Ralph asks Samneric of what Jacks tribe plan to with him once he was captured one of them replied, Roger sharpened a stick at both ends(Golding234). Although Ralph would hardly understand what the phrase means, the terrible truth becomes clear to the reader. Jacks tribe plans to behead Ralph and skewer his head on a stick sharpened at both ends as another offering to the beast. It is, by far, themost brutal display of human savagery. Without the eye of spanking adults, Jack and his tribe are uncontrollable and Jack as their leader, has absolute power.Golding has written Lord of the Flies based on his experience in war. He realizes that war is the greatest act of human evil, for it takes the li ves of impeccant people and causes nothing but destruction. Therefore, it is fitting for Golding to highlight the effects of war in the novel to reinforce his pessimistic view of human nature. At the end of the novel, Golding leaves the reader with an image of a war station, which is one of the many traces of war in the novel. If the reader examines the opening of the story, there are references to a war sack on in the world, such as Piggys mention of the atomic bomb Not them. Didnt you hear what the operate said? About the atomic bomb? Theyre all dead(Golding 20).The reader discovers that the boys are stranded on the island because of the war. Besides that, another trace of the war is the dead parachutist. The boys mistake the dead parachutist for the beast. Ironically, the dead parachutist is the beast in the sense that he is connected to the war going on in the world exterior and the beast is attributed to the evil in human nature. Even the boys have their very own war on th e island. Therefore, the island could represent a microcosm of the outside world. Now, we return to the image of the war ship. The arrival of the ship allows the boys to be rescued. However, the ship only serves to remind the reader that although the boys are rescued, they are taken back to a war-torn world. After experiencing one war, the boys are being taken to another. The circle of destruction continues.To sum everything up, Golding effectively uses the main characters, in particular at the ending, to prove that humans are more evil than good. The last page of the novel has one last scene of Ralph which summarizes the main themes of the novel. From his experience on the island, he is no longer an innocent sister as he has been exposed to the evil nature of human beings and human savageryAnd in the snapper of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise fri end called Piggy(Golding 248). work citedGolding, William. Lord of the Flies. London Faber and Faber, 1996.