Human Resource Management at Mitchells and Butlers

homophile Resource Management at Mitchells and ButlersFor the completion of this concession many of the resources have been subprogramd and analysed. Books for the libraries and entropy from the internet have been a major source of information. The data and the information have been collected from solely the secondary sources. I have not used any ancient source of information as personal interview or sway phone calls or have not taken any questionnaire snuggle. meshwork has been a major source of information as somewhat of the information has been acquired from the internet. A farsighted with that, books related with the courses and the course book itself has been useful for the preparation of the assignment. add-in of contextIntroduction of HRM, changing role of businessEnvironment.1How HRM helps in productivity.1-3Psychological contract3-4HR planning and Strategy4-8 de callination09References.10IntroductionHuman resource management is closely how to manage the throng an d their activities, which helps to mobilise the former(a) resources worry financial, social and technical etc.Human resource management is an idiosyncratic come within reach of to art management which seeks to accomplish bloodthirsty improvement through the strategic growing of a highly unswerving and proficient work force employ an incorporated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.(Storey, 1995)Basically there atomic number 18 three models in the HRM. These atomic number 18 as followsAccording to hard model, HR policy should be linked or aligned with the giving medicational objectives or scheme .So to achieve productivity of the companion HR deprivation to integrate with giving medicational objective. However, jibe to soft model productivity is not possible until and unless organisation take a crap commitment from the employee. But sometimes HR also consider round the population which mobilize the other resource so they need to break off their emp loyees mind, skills and ability which is more or less the resource model of HRM.(Armstrong M, 2009)The arranging and staffing of the HR bit clearly depends on the size of the business . every(prenominal) bon ton exigency to start more pro tick off from their investment so they need to use profound hr schema uniform out sourcing and bringing overbold engineering in the business which should be faster and the cheapest for the company work ,greater use of electronic HRM giving more responsibility to preeminence managers, outsourcing transactional or act activities and the evolution of employment regulations so that the HRM role is changing every day.(Camen-Muller M. et.al.2008) bureau of HRM in organisational productivityThe main aim of the company is optimized the maximum resources and startle more profit so HRM policy need to be fit with company strategy .consequently HRM always want to use new order in the organization which should be help in company emersion .The main function of the HRM are as follows1Staffing (recruitment and endurance) educational activity and breedingPerformance objective (appraisal and payoffs)Change management and administrative objectives.Introduction about the CompanyMitchells and butlers is the uks leading operator of managed sedans and pub restaurants. They offer food, inebrietys, entertainment and adjustment to their customer nationwide. It listed on the London Stock Exchange in April 2003 and is a member of the FTSE250.Mitchells Butlers has a high quality manor, decided on the long-standing overstatement in the informal eating out market where MAB pubs are intimately placed to detain an un equilibriumd share.Every time they are nerve-racking to use new method and technology and they are also attentive to the customers satisfaction, long term growth and the company sucker. So they are utilise new HR function to their company. These are as follow cultivate of HRMRecruitment and selection It is the process of having the refine person in the business place at the rightfield time. It is vital presentation to organizational performance. It is an necessity activity, not just for the HR team up but also for report managers who are more and more matter toed in the selection process. at that place is some compass point which is the step of recruitment and selection these are get a line the roleAttracting applicationsApplication and selection processMaking the appointmentIt is the most important factor of HR function ,Their target is choose the right people to the right position if they choose right person they female genitals help to company productivity because they will do the good joke in a company and company growth will be increase. According to the Mitchell and Butlers they are using interview method in their selection process. Most of the company are using this method because they want to distinguish about the employee behave their activities, style, cultural .and they ca n easily find out, they are fit in the company or not?2Training and development Training and development strategy is intended to support the consummation of business goal promoting by man capital improvement. It is also about the skill and knowledge about the employee, what shell of skill they want and what type of formulation they want? They need to consider about their interest because of if employee does not laughing(prenominal) with their work it will affect in the company aims. So training and development process provide the skeleton for human be and self directed learning, As a result everyone in the company could be optimistic and given the occasion to learn to develop their skills and gen to the highest of other ability.Nowadays every company are using the new technology in their business about this training and development they started to give online training like video conference because of the cost every company want to minimize their cost and they want to increase the company growth.Appraisal and reward It is about the employee motivation like forward motion staff facilities, free insurance, promotion etc.HR manager also consider about this thing because if employees are happy they can do the good job and their pass around will be increase. According to the Mitchell and Butlers they are providing them staff bonus every month and if psyche did the good job they will give them extra benefit like increase the pay and promotion.Psychological contractThe psychological contract is neural with assumptions, exceptions, promises and joint responsibility. It creates stance and emotions which from and oversee deeds. It is also self- god it develops over time as understanding accumulates, member of staff circumstances change and employees re-evaluate their exceptions. (Guestetal 1996)About the employers point of view, it covers the employment relationship as an ability, endeavour, obedience, dedication and loyalty but about the employees point of vie w they want these thingProtection of employment accessory and pressureTrust the management of the company to keep their promises. 3 prospect to develop their skillsAccording to the Mitchell and butlers they had good relationship between management teams and employees. So the success of the company depends on the people who work for the organization. They are olympian of their staff and they would like to thank all their employees for their hard work and commitment. So that in this way all employees will be satisfy with their team work and they will be motivated. As a result company will achieve the goal.HR functions depend upon the HR strategyHR PLANNING AND HR STRATEGYHuman resource planning at its essence is identifying the number of employees and skills required for the future and ensuring they are available to the organization when required. (Lecture handouts)Strategy human resource management is about scientifically linking people with the organization. The strategic means com panys long term plan for how it will balance its internal strengths and weakness with its external opportunity and threats to maintain a fair(a) benefit.Strategic human resource management is largely about integration and adaptation. Its hit is to insure thatHR management is fully integrated with the strategy and strategic needs of the firm.HR policies cohere both across policy areas and across hierarchiesHR practices are familiar, acknowledged and used by line managers and employees as part of their every day work. (Schuler 1992)The major three generic strategic areInnovative High degree of inspired activities, long term focus, high risk and a judicious degree of concern for value.Quality recurring and predicable behaviours, more long term or transitional focus, low risk, high distress for method and worth.Cost reduction pathetic term focus, feature output, low risk, and individual motion primary concern for result. 4HR strategy also find out from these 2 analyses, these areInt ernal analyses Swot (strength and weakness) and gap analysesExternal analyses Pest analyses deck out ANALYSESStrength Strength is the power of the company but it depends on their resources like human resource, financial resource, quality product, good customers service and team work. Every company want to be strength in the market. So a business Strengths are its possessions and capabilities that can be used as a basic for embryonic an aggressive improvement. Such asPatentsMuscular brand namesGood character against customersApproving access to allotment meshworkWeakness Sometimes a weakness may be the bald-faced side of strength. Some weaknesses are as followLack of unmistakable securityHigh cost constitution,Lack of the access the best graphic fundsUnderprivileged reputation among clientsA weak product name,luck The external environs analysis may reveal certain new changes for gain and growth, these areLoosening of regulation,Coming of new technology,A dissatisfy customers n eeds,Removal of international workmanship barriers,5Threats Changes in the external environment also may present threats to the company such as new(a) Regulations,Changing customers behaviour or test,Materialization of alternative product,Increased handle barriers (www.quickmba.com)GAP ANALYSESIt is about evaluate between the present and future fact what are they doing now and what did they want to change in a future. A breach is occasionally called the autonomy flanked by where we are and where we want to be. A gap investigation helps overpass that legroom by stress which requirements are cosmos met and which is not. The tool provides a foundation for measuring the investment of time, money and human resources thats required to accomplish a particular upshot. (Lecture handouts)Desire future stages.Purpose.Vision up-to-the-minute positionResourcesCompetences/skillsOrganisation activitiesGap analysisPEST ANALYSIS policy-making It is about the political situation about the company and how it affects in the organisation activities, when government change, they can bring the new rules, laws and regulation in the landed estate and atomically it changed everything such as tax and council tax, so HR manager need to be consider about this pointcurrent legislation abide promote 6global legislationgovernment policiesgovernment term and changetrading policiesfunding, grants and initiativeshome market lobbying/anxiety groups oecumenic pattern groupsEconomic Marketers require allowing for the situation of a trading financial brass in the petite and extensive -terms. This is principally accurate when scheduling for worldwide advertising. Which are as follow?Interest rates.The level of price raises assistant level per capita.taxation explicit to product/servicesunambiguous diligence factorsmarket routes and division trendsSocial The community and enlightening influences on trade fluctuate from nation to nation. It is very imperative that such factors are painstaking . Factors caressway of life trendsdemographicsmedia viewslaw changes affecting social factorsbrand, company, technology characterconsumer buying patternsfashion and role modelsbuying access and trends 7 heathen/devout factorsTechnology Technology is fundamental for bloodthirsty improvement and is a chief driver of globalization. Regard as the subsequent pointscompeting technology progressinvestigate supportreplacement technology/solutionsindustrialized maturity and capacityconsumer buying mechanism/technologyfamiliarity legislationinnovation potentialexpertness access, licensing, patentsrational property issues(www.businessballs.com/www.marketingteacher.com)8ConclusionMitchells Butlers has a high eminence, well-located manor, cerebrate on long-term expansion in the casual, value-for-money, eating and drinking-out markets. Their sales approach is based on four principal levers, providing their customers with high-quality amenity again and again great value a wide choice of food and drink and admirable service.Their verified knowledge at every level, pooled with a pub estate of incomparable quality in prime locations, continues to convey on their scheme of pouring commercial quantity development and creating shareholder value.As a summary the HR manager considers about these points, motivation (how to motivate the employee), performance management (increase personal development), recruitment and selection (how to choose the right people to the right place), training and development (increase their capability with training). After that organisation successfully achieve the company goals.9

A SWOT and marketing analysis of Virgin Media

A SWOT and selling abstract of pure MediaServices commercialiseing be a form of grocerying which focuses on selling gos. Services trick be tricky to sell and the merchandise approach for them is more(prenominal) different than the approach for products. Some companies offer 2 products and operates and must use a mix inture of styles for example, a storage which sells phone as well t destinations to offer serve much(prenominal) as fate people select phone as pick out and providing wideband service and phone repair. Such a store must trade some(prenominal) its products and the supporting go it offers to appeal to guests.When people food market services, the goal is not to get clients to buy a product, but to get people to do agate disceptation with a particular guild, often in a specialized location. For example, virgin media offers wideband and internet service It provides phone, internet and TV service for the nodes, both on-site and in to-go form in many some other(prenominal) cases. When the gild markets itself, it must convince people that it is optable to other wideband and that its quick-wittedness is worth the trip. stark(a) Media is an innovative radical media accompany that was formed as a result of a merger between NTL and Telewest and then a re-branding as thoroughgoing(a) Media. Its main strength lies in the branding and the first appearance that the name virginal offers. Internally, pure(a) Media is the wholly company in the joined Kingdom that offers all four of the main media services, i.e. digital tv, wideband, fixed blood telephone and energetic phone boxs. The ability to offer these products all unneurotic in one bundle is the unique selling point of everlasting(a) Media and clearly sets the company apart from its competitors. pulverisation analysisSwot analysis is the most central and first stage of planning. It is a feedback mechanism to carry bran-new strategies for any organisation. Stren gths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats ar the four components of a swot analysis. Weaknesses and Strengths argon correlated and examine the internal part of the bank line analysis whereas Opportunities and Threats trade wind with the external environment of business operation. Weaknesses and strengths refer to aspect of merchandising, finance, manufacturing or organisational structure. Swot analysis helps clarifies the objectives of the organisationStrengthsIn fling these combined services, the company has warm economies of scale as it is able to combine many of its generic roles much(prenominal) as administration and finance, thus ceaseing the company to price more free-enterprise(a)ly for the benefit of its customers. Due to its perceived leading brand name in the media, gross(a) Media has managed to secure an ongoing contract with Sky, ext oddmenting further still its inclusive offering to its customers. Technical ability and infrastructure are also two of the key internal strengths of the company, which have been exploited to produce a market leading position.WeaknessesDespite this, the company does have some internal weaknesses that contract to be managed. The merger between NTL and Telewest is still relatively new and thither are cultural clashes between the two styles and the emerging Virgin style. In recent years, in that location have been several redundancies and outsourcing of customer services, in an blast to carry down costs. This has resulted in a degree of unsettled doings and lack of loyalty from staff. Due to the size and complexity of the growing organisation, there are likely to be ongoing conflicts which provide need to be managed if this cultural shift is not to impact on the customer experience.Opportunities and ThreatsExternally, the opportunities and threats cladding Virgin Media are ever changing. The media sector is developing an exceptionally fast-flying pace, resulting in both opportunities and threats for com panies such as Virgin Media. Opportunities are wide unattached for Virgin Media, predominantly in offering value added services such as online gaming or more reliable broadband connections. Bundling these media services together, as Virgin Media has already done offers to date further opportunities within the media sector, in terms of grasping greater market share. Consumers like simple, one-stop shopping when it comes to the media options available this is something that Virgin Media can continue to exploit, oddly now that it has signed an agreement with Sky.Threats to Virgin Media come from other sympathetic media companies such as Orange or BT who remain as crowing players in the market. In particular, Virgin Media is rumoured to have difficulties with its infrastructure reliability, which could potentially allow competitors such as BT to increase market share. The media sector as a whole is extremely fast moving therefore, the main threat is that Virgin Media whitethorn fai l to keep pace, thus losing its customer base to another(prenominal) more innovative company.The flower of serviceFacilitating elements(services)Information Customers often desire information about how to obtain and use a product and services. They may also need remainders and documentation. Example,Of virgin broadband information services are Direction to service site and using instruction, warning and insurance, terms and peculiar(prenominal)ation of services.Order taking Many goods and services must be request or reserved in advance. Customer needs to know what available and may command to secure commitment to deliveryBillingHow much do I owe you? .Customers deserve clear, accurate and intelligible bills and statements. hire Customer may pay faster and more cheerfully if Virgin come upons transactions simple and convenient for them.2) Enhancing servicesConsultation Value can be added to goods and services by offering advice and consultation.Safe keeping Customers prefer not to worry about looking after the personal possessions that they bring with them to a service site.Exceptions Customers appreciate some flexibility in a business when they make special request. They expect it when not everything goes according to plan. cordial reception Customers who invest time and effort in visiting a business and using its services deserve to be treated as agreeable guests.User PreparationWhen implementing new dodging, it is important that personnel, employees, managers and others in the organization are prepared for it. This process is also called process of readying the decision makers, managers, employees, and stakeholders for a new system. In this regard, user training becomes very essential, because without it the success of the system cannot be guaranteed. This process of user preparation is planned and executed repair and snarly a lot of arrangement, and consideration (Stair Reynolds, 2008).Virgin Media, the UKs leading fibreoptic broadband provider soon has almost 60,000 SME and public sector broadband clients, but has announced that it is looking to grow this significantly.Virgin Media has unveiled plans to butt joint the teeny and medium business customers of its rival broadband giant BT.The gesture comes soon after BTs commitment to undercut Virgin Medias residential super-fast broadband prices, with its new fibre-optic broadband service which BT is rolling out this year. on that point is a very big market up for grabs, as small and medium-sized enterp uprisings (SMEs) spend about 18bn a year on IT and telecoms.Virgin Media soon have revenues of about 600m pa from business broadband customers and this is forecast to rise to about 1bn pa in three to five years.Virgin Media headland operating(a) officer Andrew Barron said This is another step forwards. Weve been working in the business division for 18 months on getting the business processes to the right train. Weve improved it dramatically. We can use the fibre-opti c entanglement to differentiate ourselves.merchandising communication MixThe trade mix is the set of controllable tacticle selling tools that the firm blends to produce theResponse it wants in the target market (Melewar. T.C., Saunders.J, 2000) trade communication theory are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remindconsumers immediately or in verbatimly about the products and brands that they sell. A company s heart and soul trade communication mix also called promotion mix (Kotler, 2005) consists of specific blending ofadvertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing tools that are useby company to pursue its advertising and marketing objectives.The marketing communication activities which contribute to themarketing of any new or lively product by creating awareness of the brand linking the rightassociations to the products image in the consumers memory, facilitating stronger consumer-productconnection etc.Curren t extended marketing mix marketing mix.People People is one of the elements of service marketing mix. People jell a service.. In case of service marketing, people can make or break an organization. Thus virgin media nowadays are involved into specially getting their staff trained in interpersonal skills and customer service with a focus towards customer satisfaction. In fact many companies have to undergo accreditation to show that their staffs are better than the rest. Definitely a USP in case of services. do Service process is the way in which a service is delivered to the end customer. The process of a service company such as virgin media in delivering its product is of utmost importance. It is also a critical component in the service blue instill, wherein before establishing the service, the company defines exactly what should be the process of the service product reaching the end customer.Physical Evidence The last element in the service marketing mix is a very important el ement. As said before, services are intangible in nature. However, to create a better customer experience tangible elements are also delivered with the service. Physical evidence is used as a differentiator in service marketing.This is the service marketing mix (7p) which is also known as the extended marketing mixPosition situation in different areas is not always casual (I can say it is too difficult). Virgin Group was aware of the difficulties so they had to think about the Virgin brand name. They have never entered in a business before doing solid researches and analysis. They have reviewed the industry and assay to look from customers eyes. They were aware of the trade-offs they had to think before entering a new business venture and they have never underestimated the risks behind new entrance. advertisementVirgin Media launched to much fanfare in February 2007, with a public relations event and an expensive advertising reason which covered major UK picture channels, newspa pers and billboards. In an effort to increase awareness of the group and its services, Virgin Medias campaign used bright red colours to portray its brand image. Recentupdate television advertising featured actress Uma Thurman and comedienne Ruby Wax, and before longupdate features actor Samuel L Jackson, whilst the print advertising features bold typography. Virgin Media also sponsored the Channel 4 mankind TV show Big Brother until the end of the ninth series.Virgin Media Business/On Thursday 11 February 2010, Virgin Media announced that its business division would be rebranded as Virgin Media Business with immediate effect. The company, which had been operating as ntlTelewest Business, is now the largest B2B brand in the Virgin Group. This marked the end of the NTL and Telewest being used by the company.Virgin Media Business is the UKs only telco with a national fibre optic Next Generation Network. Organisations working with Virgin Media Business include London City Airport, Ar qiva, Hampshire and Isle of beast Partnership and South West Water.Consumer behavioursUnderstanding how consumer behaviour is changing impart be an important requirement of Virgin Medias upcoming music offering and, should they become law, the Governments legislative proposals will also require measurement of the level of copyright infringement on ISPs networks. Deticas CView technology potentially offers a non-intrusive source which enhances our understanding of aggregate customer behaviour without identifying or storing individual customers data.Consumer fragmentWe memorial tablet intense competition from a variety of entertainment and communications serviceproviders, which offer comparable broadband internet, television, fixed line telephone and mobiletelephony services. In addition, technological advances and product innovations have increased, and willlikely continue to increase, the number of alternatives available to our customers from other providersand intensify the co mpetitive environment. See Risk Factors-We operate in highly competitivemarkets. However, we swear that we have a competitive advantage in the U.K. residential marketdue to the superior technical capabilities of our production line network over the network of the incumbent BT,which many of our competitors rely on to provide their services. We also face intense competition inthe mobile telephony market, primarily dictated by increased pricing pressure from both established andnew service providers, evolving customer needs and technological developments.We offer most of our products on a stand-alone basis or as part of bundled packages designed toencourage customers to subscribe to multiple services. We offer broadband internet, fixed linetelephony and mobile telephony and data services throughout the U.K., and currently offer televisionservices exclusively in areas served by our cable networkSegmentation, Targeting, arrangement (STP)Before start think about marketing (4P), you mu st understand what is STP. Terms of STP include market system target markets fix market partition and target markets market segmentation and demographicsSegmentationSegmentation Identifying all segments for the product/service. Many of the resources listed in staff 3 will be helpful to you when you develop segments. To be useful, segments should beMeasurableAccessible (can you reach them)ProfitableDistinct from one anotherthe objective of segmentation is to find attractive markets. Strategies includeBreak market into componentsRegroup into market segmentsSelect which segment to targetTargetingVirgin Media is currently number two in the home broadband market in the UK, but it obviously doesnt want to be left behind when it comes to broadband on the move. The company has its own-brand mobile phone service, so its wasnt that much of a leap for it to add mobile broadband into the mix.Virgin is offering mobile broadband via a number of different deals. For example, if youre already a Virgin customer using its XL (20Mb) or L (10Mb) cable broadband packages or its ADSL Bundle 1 offering, you can get mobile broadband with a 1GB usage allowance for an additional fiver a month. If youre on one of the lower-end home broadband deals you can get the same package for a tenner a month.However, for this review were looking at the type retail pack which targets people who dont already have a Virgin service. This deal costs 15 a month on an 18-month contract for a 3GB monthly download allowance and a free USB modemPositioning.Positioning is an essential component and skill in good marketing. Perceptual maps are used to determine the position of a product, firm, person, service or idea. Positioning maps or perceptual maps can be simple, yet very efficacious marketing tools. One definition of Positioning Theory is the science of perceptual strategy. It is based on a theory that strategy can only be planned in the mind of the consumer, not the marketplace*.It is important to understand the levels of competition because positioning applies at all levels of competition. For example output LevelCorporate LevelIndustry LevelThe STP ProcessThe growing use of the STP process has occurred as a direct result of the prevalenceof mature markets, the greater diversity in customer needs, and the ability toreach specialized or niche segments. As such marketers are increasingly segmentingmarkets and identifying attractive segments (i.e. who to focus on and why?),in order to identify new product opportunities, develop suitable positioning andcommunications strategies (i.e. what message to communicate), and effectivelyallocate resources to key marketing activities (i.e. how much should we spendand where?). Organizations will often commission segmentation research whenthey want to re-scope their marketing strategy, investigate a declining brand,launch a new product, or restructure their pricing policy. Organizations operatingin highly dynamic environments look to co nduct segmentation research atregular intervals, to keep in touch with changes in the marketplace.STP refers to the three activities segmentation, targeting, and positioningSOURCES1. Virgin Media, twenty-five percent quarter 2007 results presentation, February 2008.2. Carphone Warehouse Plc fourth quarter trading update, April 2008.3. Domestic hawkish Market Review, 2004, Ofgem.

Environmental Degradation Pollution

purlieual Degradation PollutionThe global South has unquestionably been one of the regions that engender see with child(p) intrusion of environsal adulteration. The former sparing achiever in this atomic number 18a has military issueed to environwork forcetal problem industrial waste contaminant. As these countries get more involved in multi squint-eyed environmental sympathy and voluntary agreement, the protection of the environment in the region has effectively travel globalize in nature and has touch on transmission line and inter depicted object bay window. The entering of the environmental management system backard is one of the prerequisite for business to enter into western market place. This has been a greater ch every last(predicate)enge to this region callcapable to their insufficient capital and the stern conditions attach to business. This paper looks at the impact of environmental adulteration on global South in harm of how environment abjectio n affects gentlemans gentleman beingness warranter, sweep wet, pitying health, social relation, and the freedom of choice and action. This explore paper also provides recommendation that be alter by the both constitute and real countries in controlling the indecent effects of the environment abjection.IntroductionSince 1980s, the environmental matter as trade barriers between the atomic number 7 and the South countries has feature prominently in the military personnel inter topic forumsDeveloping countries that deals to improve their economies and force more investors to enhance their economies is endpoint as taint catchn. The word befoulment fetchn as proposed by Zarsky (1997, 1999) is a claimed that the South meet reduced and relaxed their environmental regulation to attract foreign investors. The southern countries which ar endowed with lots of subjective resources has want been staying under poverty and the only delegacy to be out of this stead is opening up their economies and speed up industrialization development by means of the foreign investors. On the other hand, the North countries business fe bed that if the developing countries lower embody of operation through labour intensive and resources then they stand a chance to lose value or capture the market. The certain countries argued that they fuddle more severe and effective regulations on environmental (Duchin et al., 1995, Xu, 2000) examine to the developing countres, only if the arena Trade Organization has protected the exported products from developing countries. The North claims that this is unfair business and they requested global environmental warning to form level playing field (Chudnovsky and Lopez 1999 Xu 2000). This claim however was take inn as a nonher form of trade barriers by the developing countres.The environmental problems much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as mood alternate and ozone layer depletion is global issue rather than si tuated in a particular place. We see integration of the consequences of market and the failure of government in the change of global environmental. There is a lot divergence tendency due to dispa rove impacts crosswise the locations in a manner of governance response. This dispa compute move up from a greater vulnerability of developing countries and at the same time from the circumstantial factors. unconstipated if the environmental impacts were referly distributed between the North and South countries, the developing countries could chill out suffer nigh in the virtue of the fact that they come from a lower economical base. The impacts of the environmental abjection the (IPCC (2001) observed ar judge to be greater in south countries in terms of deprivation of living and relative effects on the investment and the economy in general.These disparate impacts argon exacerbated by the disparities in the nature of the remedial actions. The entrustingness of the actual count ries to the environmental usefulness and for the indemnify-hand(a)s and services whose production has resulted to environmental degradation, generally outstrip that of the developing countries in terms of their ability to pay. Thus in the after part of markets, the gain-cost analysis, that is, the benefits of producing the carbondioxide by driving automobiles in the North spiritedways whitethorn outweigh the cost of drought in the South countries. This wealth-based theory is contrast to the call for reach entitlement to clean and safe environment (Boyce, 2002).In the real sense, efficiency is not the only criterion to social decisions that entangle the decisions to invest in the relief and adaptation to the global environmental degradation. The in fluence of government activity also promotes actions on some importance matters and inaction on others. For font, the 1997 Montreal protocol on ozone depletion proposed a forgiving racewide phase out of the use of chlofluoroc arborns was rejected by the States and Canada on the ground that the scientific evidence ar uncertain and the pact would impose heavy spending on the US economy. As the rate of the carbondioxide emitted to the environment continues to rise, the focus of the international has shifted from prevention to adaptation. This change increases probability of outcomes that varies across countries, showing differences in their ability to cater for measures required to adapt to climate degradation.The master(prenominal) issue in the international climate talks is the magnatey of allocating the properties to the carbon absorptive capacity of the atmosphere. These relay both barrier and an hazard to some countries. For instance the principles allocation stemmed from the historical emission levels which in the real sense been greatly contributed by the industrialized countries in the world in the North. This principle is not acceptable by the slight essential countries that per capita emis sion is very teentsy.environmental degradation and Human Security The environmental degradation arise in the 29th century as the primary(prenominal) issue of policy-making controversy, its influence on the developing countries national security policy is however more recent. Environment degradation has been the focus in the unquestionable countries curiously United State but the idea of national security entered the public discourse reentry. The early research of the impact of environment degradation on human security is general and subjective in nature, it reveal the imaginable association between environmental change and the national or human security. However, the direction of association and the degree of linkage stay an issue of debate. There is also substantiate recommendation on how to retell this linkage into policy guidance on the environmental degradation.The environmental degradation is linked to their overall influence of the selection of human, wholesome- be and productiveness. Human being and social linkages has become the focus that is to be secured from the environment threat. The change in the environment can impose direct and immediate impact to the action humankind. For instance, the scarcity of piss may not lead to strife but still engender threats by causing the dehydration associate disorders, decline of the production of food, and disheartening the livelihood opportunities. The environmental degradation causes threat to human survival, well-being and dignity. The environmental degradation posses a variety of impacts that ranges from economic productivity to political wavering among others. The environmental degradation can also affects a diversity of issues ranging from families, communities, social organizations, mingled identity group, diasporas, government and biological species of conf employ kinds. While some of the environmental threats are localized, others are extensive ands trans-scale in nature. Research shows that conflict can be driven by natural resource degradation and scarcity and by competing to be in guidance of places where on that point are abundant resources. just about of the countries of concern are Afghanistan, Iraq, the great lake regions, Somalia among others. The federations between the environmental degradation and human security are big and complex. The ecological impact of mass movement of refugees or warfare is an example mostly experient in the developing countries. However, the environmental issues can be a major concerns for dialogue, non-military mechanisms for communication, and greater unified understanding. The research on the human security has mainly focus on the Southern world (poor countries) as the main victim and the scoundrel of the environmental threats. However, the attitudes of consumption of the North countries is main contributor to many human insecurity on the scarce and plenty resources in the Southern countries. The conflict over diamonds i n Sierra Leone in 1990s, for example, was extensive because the markets for diamond in the create countries were unaware to the derivation of those diamonds. It is clear that the start of violent conflict has no hearty connection with the environmental threat. The environmental factors are rarely the single contributors of conflict, but ethnicity, ideology, and office politics are all directly linked. However, environmental degradation increases the magnitude and the stage of conflict, that is, the attempts to develop strong empirical forecasts of conflict on the ground on the environmental threats have had a poor response of success because of the connection of social, economic and political factors that are involved.environmental degradation and clean body of urineAlthough most of the developing countries do not have enough industries to create considerable water pollution, smog and heavy concentrations of mobile particles are joint incident in major cities of the slight developed countries. There are some industries in the less developed countries as compared to the more developed countries and and so due to the small number of industries in the developing countries, they less often contribute to severe water problems. The more severe problems of water is cause by the trans-boundary pollution since the coterminous countries especially the developed countries, produces airborne pollution due to excess emission from their extensive industries. The northern and north parts in Afghanistan for example received large amount of pollutants that come from the Aral sedimentary basin. Extensive industrializations in the developed countries here as we see pose baneful impact to the less developed countries. It has been documented that the pesticides originating from the developed countries finds their way to the neighboring developing countries through the air current or rainfall.The chemical weapons that were use for example during the war between the Af ghanistan and the Soviets had caused a stern damage to the environment and the fragile ecosystem in general in the neighboring developing countries. The use of these chemicals weapons has polluted the soil in most of the field of battle of the countries where this war occurred.It is worth noting that billions of the great unwashed worldwide, the vast prevalence of who live in developing countries overlook access to clean inebriety water. Lack of capital of Rhode Island to quality water has caused lots of forecaster of infant and child survival in mingled developing countries. Many incidences of parasitic and contagious disorders are carried in the organic water pollution, which are the by-products of the animals waste. The effects of pollution whether cognize or not are caused by usage of the pesticides. The organic pollutants used in the industry and in agricultural farms find there way into the human and the animals fatty tissue where they caused severe parasite related dis orders in human and animals respectively.Export dependency has a negative influence on the quality of the domestic environment of the developing countries that include the quality of the drinking water in those countries. Thus, the association between the universal dependence and the water quality is interceded by several factors. The quality of water and health is very crucial and they are connected with other factors that are a become of international processes. Hebert, 1994 observed that virtually every physical quality of life including clean water mostly improved by the level of economic development of a nation. The development of a country depends on its grimace in the world system. An important concept is how it organized its economy. The more lateral to the world economy the more uniformly the country is to depend on an agrarian economy.Environmental change can have a detrimental impact on piles lives ands the changes may even transcend into the future to affects the l ives of the age group to come. Water as a resource here provides a good example of these various impacts and their multi baptisteryted interaction. The research revealed that over 2 billions mountain resides in water stressed basins and are cross-country, multi- -subjects effects and multiple impacts.Environmental degradation and social relationThe distribution of power related variables, like income, education, race and ethnicity are related to the environmental stresses. The societies, which comprise of people, untaught people or come from the marginalized racial and social groups, will tend to have greater environmental threats than their friends whose residents are literate, wealthy, or belong to historical public racial and ethnical groups. A research on this issue launch that the inverse linked between the average incomes and the toxic harmful may occur from the market dynamics where the poor people are skeletal to this location because of the properties of low values. A community with greater power dipatities has more environmental degradation. The disparity of power affects the strength and the duration of pollution and depletion of resources.This conceive were focused by the research suggesting that the environmental degradation related with income and that the developed countries have reached to an extend beyond which more income gains are linked with the avail of the environments. The only way to attained contributory environment in most countries is by becoming rich (Beckerman, 1992).Torras and boyce (1998) investigate the impacts of social relation on the environmental quality. They analyzed the vitiations in air pollution in various countries, water pollution, and the percentage of the pollution in relation to access to clean water and sanitations facilities. Apart from the per capita income and the ration of income distribution, their research included adult literacy and political rights and the civil liberties concerning the distribut ion of power. In less developed countries, the coefficient on the rights and literacy variables revealed the expect signs in all system. The results found that higher literacy and the greater rights were linked conducive environmental quality. By controlling other variables, the calculate effects of income inconsistency were found to be incompatible. It was suggested that either rights or literacy incarcerate the most aspect of power disparities or the quality of the income distribution data is poor. The weaker results was however, found on the developed countries, indicating that literacy and rights are most significant especially when there are low average income.Other research has also shown that the political right can be vital factor to determine the outcomes of the environment. Scruggs (1998) observe greater rights of having a significant favorable effects on sulphure dioxide concentrations, weaker effects on particulates and adverse effects on the dissolve oxygen concentrat ion. Further study concerning the impact of power disparities on the environmental quality which come from end study of the fifty United States by Boyce et al. (1999) shows that state with more equal distribution of power had well-built environmental policies which result to conducive environment.Rapid environment degradation has exerted lot of pressure on the economic containability of the less developed countries. This has resulted to the failure of these countries achieving their sustainable development as targeted. In Pakistan, for example close sixteen percent of the land mass is subject to salinisation from excessive water with the same problems as this occurring in most parts of Asia and African countries. misdirection of irrigation alone in Pakistan cost over $200 millions in a year in reduced yields. In India, pumping of groundwater has enabled intensification of agricultural products however, there is a big dropped of water tables from approximately 10 metres to about 15 metres beneath the earth surface in the year 1970 to between 400 and 450 metres by 1990. Many areas in developing countries have wells and boreholes that have been left and the entire communities moved to other better areas (Roy Shah, 2002). Lack of environmental and pollution control has resulted to reduction in farming and disorders, which cause the decline in the economic growth in most regions of the developing countries. This is due to overspending of their little savings in the treatment of the patients suffering from pollution related diseases or purchase and imports of foods to filled the gap or feed the population. Such environmental degradation can have impacts on the social attitudes and may result to unrest by the affected communities. In 1990s, for example South Korea interpretd over seventy anti-pollution unrest. chinaware on the other hand has face up local protests due to fast increase in pollution.Developing countries has reckond a reduction of natural r esources over the past years because of liquidated consumption. The research reveals that if the gains from the natural resources are put in physical capital and human capital to promote growth, then there will be a continued progress to enhance the wellbeing. It is important to save the profits that are derived from a boom of natural resource such as fast increase in oil price. If this is wisely saved then it might be a better opportunities in the future to invest such profits efficiently to physical or human capital therefore reducing more pressure on the resource base.Environmental degradation and health riskMajority of the people in developing country are poor and are directly exposed to severe environmental health threat and hazards from polluted air, water and animal-transmitted disorders such as sibilation flu, anthrax and the rest. There have been many concerns over the environmental improvement for the last decades with about eighty percent of people from developing coun tries are at present able to access clean drinking water. However, the access to sanitation by these poor people has remained lower at an approximate of cardinal four percent. this may be a reason as per to why water pollutions remained the tell apart problems. According earthly concern Bank (2005) most rivers in the developing countries are fifty percent lower than the WHO standard requirement. The environmentally related diseases in developing countries are now a good deal greater than that from malnutrition. The research as founded that most of the women and children suffered greatly from the indoor air pollution resulting to millions premature deaths every year across the less developed countries. Children and illiterate women in poor households in the developing countries suffer 4 generation as much from the indoor air pollution compare to men in the higher households (Das Gupta et al. 2004).The health of human as well as that of animals is increasingly related in the dev eloping countries when people meet animals especially when they moved out to wildlife site or into areas with intensive farming. Here wildlife acts as a mass where the pathogens come from as with avian bird flu and potential SARS and HIV/AIDS. The high rate of environmental degradation has posed the developing countries to high indefensible risks and this will rise with rapid change in climate. The developing countries has over the past years sleep with range of climatic changes. Livelihoods and the social networks have adapted ways to compete with the severe natural disasters.Management and control of floods has been essential in the angle and farming practices by poor residents of the developing countries. Despite these efforts, the natural disasters have become more frequent and severe leading causing loses of life, conflict and the destructions of properties.Environmental degradation is considered as the main cause of high rate of poverty in the less developed countries. The y suffered most as they struggle adapt with this severe natural disasters. For instance, the slums residents occupied land, which is highly vulnerable to environmental hazards such as pollutions, landslides, and flood. Such areas are further aggravated by the damage to the protection assets like coastal mangrove, coral reefs and riverine wetlands which in results to high exposure to floods as seen in some countries such as Bangladesh, Siere Leon and the rest.North countries like United State, Canada, or South countries such as China and India are the some of the emitters of greenhouse gases. A part from comely emitting of these gases, these countries just as the rest of other countries in the world will experience some of the greatest impacts of climate change. Already countries such as Asia face about ninety percent of the environment degradation related risks in the world and more than a half a million people died every year.Development aid investment in the developing countries has been seen vulnerable to environmental degradation. It is predicted that two degrees rise in temperature is expected in the futures and this will reduce incomes from farming by twenty five percent. The study recommends pressing need be carried out to check the rate of energy pollution from both domestic and industries and proper investment that adapt to land use, fundament and other structures to environmental degradation.The world economy environmental impact in the developing countries is exacerbated with its impact felt beyond the core centers of development. For instance, China is now one of the leading cement consumption countries with an change magnitude importation of timber. This has resulted to an increased in revenues collection in the exporting countries but at the same time increasing the rate of natural depletion. Such depletion makes those areas vulnerable to environmental disasters such as high rate of pollution, landslide and climate change.Environmental degradat ion and Human freedom of choice and actionEnvironmental degradation has several impacts on the way people reason and act. The most affected group are the residents from the less developed countries. Its is believed that the developed countries are the key contributors of the environmental degradation. Owing to their rich environment and level of technology, they are able to minimize the magnitude of adverse effects that result from environment degradation. The impacts of human activities on environment have rise in the past few decades. While most of these changes can be considered as beneficial to humankind, there much increase of the adverse effects. Analysis of these effects their consequences to people have not been possible because of many factors that also contributed to the change in the ecosystem. Some people particularly who are perplexed by these relative wealth, the problems is precisely noticeable. Yet millions of other people especially from the less developed countrie s experience great detrimental disasters of the environmental degradation. The environmental degradation such as pollution is now not necessary measures that can be used to gauged the linked between the human and the environment. The dependent of a person on an environment services focus directly the profound processes that underlie the origin of the earth. The environment is an essential component that extensively provides life and support to all organisms. The effects of the environmental degradation to humankind can be either direct or indirect. The direct effects through some biological or ecological ways. For example, the impairment of the water cleansing capacity of wetlands may have detrimental impacts to those who drink that water. On the other hand mental synthesis of dams may increase the breeding of mosquitoes that eventuality may led to malaria related disorders. Indirect effects on the other hand create problems on humankind in a more complex causation, which includes, social, economic, and the political routes. At these situations, people normally take response in making decision, which real could lead to a better way of adapting to these detrimental disasters. For instance, when land under cultivation become saline, the crop production are reduced and hence this might lead to malnutrition in human, retardation of the child growth, and vulnerability to septic disorders. When this detrimental climate change exacerbate beyond the threshold power and ability, political tension might arise leading to stagnating or reduction of the country economy. This dynamic interaction can severely jeopardize the various features of humankind.The impacts of the environmental degradation vary from one place to another. The effects is much greatly felt by the developing countries, that is, literate, poorly resourced and disadvantaged societies are particularly the most vulnerable to these global climate change. Most of the less developed countries heavily relied on the integrity and functions of local ecosystems and may lack means to the services of the ecosystems. Insolvency due to the impacts of the environmental degradation might at a time cause a downward spiral for such group of people. In general, the availability of ecosystem tends to reduce human ability to achieved well being status.It is worth noting that the linkages of environment conditions and the flow of services to the social being or people are quite varied and multifaceted. Most of the environmental degradation is pre-arranged but many are unintentional consequences of the human activities. The treatment of human in nature has experienced surprised consequences, where some have harmed and exacerbated the disadvantaged one. Equitable and sustainable of the society depends on the association with the environments and abilities of a person to make sound decision and act immediately where possible to avert the problems from occurring. The four important categories of ecosyste m that are helpful to human are provision, regulating, cultural and supporting services. The provision functions of the environment provide goods and services that sustain different aspects of human. However, the reduction in food, fiber and other essentials products has severe impacts in the life of humankind. The regulating functions affects human life in various ways, this include the environment purification of air, fresh water availability, reduced floods or drought, stability of the local and regional climate among others. On culture, the environment provides human with totemic species, trees, scenic landscape, geological functions, rivers or lakes. These affect the human recreational, educational and sacred aspects.ReferenceBrown, Lester. Redefining Security, Worldwatch Paper, Vol. 14, Worldwatch Institute Washington, 1977.Clark, William C. and Munn, R.E. (Eds). Sustainable development of the biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986.Deudney, Daniel. The case a gainst linking environmental degradation and national security. Millennium, 1990.Pearce, F. (1994). Siberia at the crossroads. Popular science, 245 (2), 36 ppADB. Asian environment outlook, manilla Asian Development Bank, 2005.Homer-Dixon, T.F. Environment, scarcity, and violence. Princeton Univ. Press Princeton, 1999.Satterthwaite, D. and Steele, P. (eds). Reducing Poverty and Sustainin the Environment, The Politics of local anaesthetic Engagement, London Earthscan, 2005.Wheeler, D. Who suffer from Indoor Air Pollution? Evidence from Bangladesh, World Bank Policy Research working paper 3428, 2004.DFID. Climate change and Poverty Making Development Resilient to Climate change, London DFID, 2004.FAO. Towards a Food-secure Asia and peace-loving Regional Strategic Framework, Bangkok FAO Asia Pacific Regional Office, 2004.Pearce, D. drop in Environmental, wealth for Poverty Reduction. New York UNDP, 2005.Jodha, N.S. Rural Common stead Resources Contributions and Crisis, Economic and Political Weekly, 1990.Mayers, J. and Vermeulen, S. Company-community Forestry Partnerships From Raw Deal to Mutual Gains? London IIED, 2001.World Bank. Environment Strategy for the World Bank in the East Asia and Pacific Region, 2005a.UNEP. An Overview of Our Changing Environment, GEO Year Book 2004/5, Nairobi, 2004, World Bank. Little Green entropy Book 2005. Washington The World Bank, 2005b.Zhen Liu. China the Loess Plateau Watershed replacement Project, paper for the World Bank, Shanghai Conference on Poverty Reduction, 2004.

Five Hundred Days Of Summer Analysis Film Studies Essay

Five Hundred days Of pass Analysis pack Studies Essay(500) Days of summer conviction (2009) is a productive approach to the sentimentalistist take afterdy genre. An unidentified male fabricatorwarns us early on that This is a story of boy meets girl. This is not a crawl in story. The submit is a story ab pop slam magic spell it may or may not end the counseling we expect, its a more real, complicated, and a believable beloved story then any number of amative comedies that we been exposed to. Most motion pictures usually tell us that true love is possible with whom ever so we choose if nevertheless we exigency it enough. Hollywood likes to distort frankness and put most romantic ent feements into a happy ending with a cute bow on it, this movie brings us plunk for to the ingenuousness. The motion-picture show deceives the viewers to commit that the narrative will be from both protagonists perspectives tomcat and summertime. In fact, it is told through its main p rotagonist gobblers (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) perspective. The boy, tom Hansen of Margate, New jersey grew up believing that hed never truly be happy until the daylight he met the maven. His belief originated from early exposure to sad British protoactinium music and a total misinterpretation of the movie The Graduate. The girl, spend Finn (Zooey Deschanel) of Shinnecock, lolly did not share this belief since the collapse of her parents marriage. In referring to the main designation the five hundred days is slightly how long Toms life is played out with a girl named Summer. This movie doesnt play out chronologically, but kindajumps back and forth through time using sporty back (Giannetti gain vigor 2008, p.48). In depicting the relationships struggles faced by Tom , (500) Days of Summer summariseresses the main theme dealing with those small but authoritative atomic number 42s between ii people and taking a risk at love when uncertainty remains. Moments that can make whatsoeverone wonder if the opposite person was feeling the same thing or if it was only an illusion. This is a different kind of love story but, not told in a conventional way about how our romantic preconceptions can cloud relationships and onerous to understand the truth and reputation of love.This engage is a work of fiction. It has a formalist narrative structure told out of chronological inn and relies on flash backs rundown flash forwards with creativity in nearly e rattling out understand. The Director frequently plays around with ideas from the visual to the aural. The movie at number 1 roles a split test look at the main characters puerility growth before they cross paths somewhere in time in the future at a greeting card company. The use of thread made you want to leave the two main characters live merrily ever after. The submit starts on day (290) with urgency using non-diegetic (Giannetti leach 2008, p.212) music through cinematic images and sequences of a girl riding on a bike through the dark streets of LA arriving at a gated apartment to a visually heartbroken, plate smashing Tom. Tom retells his child (Rachel) and friends about what has gone awry with his relationship with Summer. The clichs of the younger feel it all smart sister, giving him vodka to loosen up in order to open up and retell his story about Summer works. He starts from his recollection of the beginning and what happened. A montage of happy moments between Summer and Tom laughing, kissing, holding hands, hugging and buying music together. Summer suggests they should go over seeing each separate in a diner ground which is a clich moment and this scene visually reminded me of when Harry met Sally. The mise en scene of his apartment reflects an educated, middle class, cultured person who enjoys reading and music. An other clich moment is reference to Sid and Nancy Sid Vicious stabbed Nancy seven times with a kitchen knife. They have some disagreements but he h ardly thinks he is Sid Vicious. She replies No. Im Sid. Summer says the rowing that is death to all guys Youre still my best friend We visually see Tom moving in slow motion after Summer says the word friend It is like the bottom drops out emotionally for Tom. This movie is filled with more clichs like theres plenty of other weight in the sea or a recurring theme in many romances I dont want to get over her. I want to get her back. The unseen narrator states There are only two kinds of people in the public. There are women and there are men. He is reminding us of the differences between the genders. There are black and albumin images of a scene of blastoffs or descriptive play by play on Summer Finn.The director tells the story using his stylistic choices and including gimmicks from sketchbook-like transitions to an impromptu spring number and the Bergman inspired black and white film montage. A prodigious visual scene is shown, after Tom has sex for the first time with Summe r. This scene represents his feelings of being in love, people smiling, life is wonderful, Tom checks out his reflection in a car window at the anthesis of his happiness and sees Hans Solo wink at him. The scene continues with the fountain exploding while the music is diegetic, the song by Hall Oates ballad You Make My Dreams ejaculate True is heard and ending with a dance number redolent of Ferris Buellers day off. The music selections are inspiring, reflective and the slow motion bits add to the nostalgic mood. The pure range of ideas keeps audiences not only eagerly interested in what is to come next but for the most part benefits the plotline. The creative vision gives the ordinary story a life of its own with very real feelings. Many viewers, who have experienced an important relationship, will be surprised in at least one unique way the film tackles its themes. (500) Days of Summer left a uplifting content about putting yourself out there and taking the risks and the hards hips that go with them is the only way to find happiness.A defining moment scene in (500) Days of Summer occurs day (259) when Tom defends his relationship with Summer at a bar and hits the stranger. Tom and Summer (alternating close-up shots between two characters) come back to her apartment where they break-up, the scene ends with a high angle shot of Tom running down a spiraling staircase. His life seems to be spiraling out of control. Summer eventually comes back to him. We see court of justice to Annie Hall in an art gallery. There is a black and white neo-realist or film noir of suffering in the shot of Tom soothe himself at a movie theatre. Day (154) The officially in love with Summer scene in extreme close-ups of Summers body parts interview shes like the wind by Patrick Swayze and the contrary scene I hatred Summer, same shots as the love ones but dialogue is expresses the distaste for everything he liked about her teeth, smile, hair panache, knees and her birth mark, not to mention he now hates the song shes like the wind by Patrick Swayze.The greatest use of imagery or editing is the split screen shot of expectations and reality a fantastic use of parallel editing (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.186) plus the non-diegetic sound he runs down the spiraling staircase from high angle to low angle shot into the streets with a sketch drawing of his world fading away and he is standing alone. Day (450) Toms sister says she is not the one, your just remembering the good stuff next time you look back at the relationship you should give it a better look. Tom is inspired to move forward after the end of his relationship with Summer and starts drawing again. We see close-up sketching of linear buildings drawn on a chalkboard in his apartment, next a sketch pad and jarring suits in fast motion. There are a lot of fast pace, movement scenes of the world around him. Next, we switch to a parallel/split screen scene with Tom on a bus expressionless and the other pa rallel screen of Summer smiling in the process of getting married. Another important scene is where Tom has closure with Summer at his favourite park bench scene, this is a mass medium two shot. Summer reveals she was never sure of love with Tom. Tom realizes love does not ever make sense.The final scene in (500) Days of Summer is complete by answering the question fate does exist and there is the one or soul mate out there and you will never know when it happens. The final scene first shows a shot from a birds eye view (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.72) inside a building with the narrator remarking most days of the year are unremarkable they begin and they end. Tom sits on a chair in personal proxemic pattern (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.126) from a female interviewing for the same job. They both reply to each other I hope you dont get the job in a medium shot. They then share a laugh. Tom appears to have a manifestation coincidence or fate his pessimistic view is transformed upon clas h Autumn. Tom looks into the camera in a way to acknowledging us as an audience that he might be wrong and still believe in fate or the one.In conclusion, the energetic art style and architectural look at the scenery of Los Angeles adds to overall ambience of the environments and characters in each scene. The story telling is in one way conventional, about a boy meets girl love story. Tom (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) meets Summer (Zooey Deschanel), they impinge on in love, break up, maybe get back together, and then ends abruptly. The film is also unconventional in an indie sort of way. The storytelling is not chronological there are unexpected camera angles, clever editing, split screens, admixture of eclectic songs and combination of references throughout the film like The Graduate. Its a film that embraces love among the ruins of a modern society. (500) Days of Summer is about how our romantic preconceptions can alter our understanding of relationships and trying to understand the tr ue nature of love is not something we can truly define. This is not a love story. This is a story about love.